Source and Composition in Amino Acid of Dietary Proteins in the Primary Prevention and Treatment of CKD.

Nutrition is a cornerstone in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To limit urea generation and accumulation, a global reduction in protein intake is routinely proposed. However, recent evidence has accumulated on the benefits of plant-based diets and plant-derived proteins without a clear understanding of underlying mechanisms.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Inhibits Reperfusion-Induced Neutrophil Polarization and Adhesion Via Plasmin-Mediated VEGF Release.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is seen in many settings such as free flap salvage and limb replantation/revascularization. The consequences-partial/total flap loss, functional muscle loss, or amputation-can be devastating. Of the treatment options available for IR injury, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is the most beneficial.

The role of Arp2/3 in growth cone actin dynamics and guidance is substrate dependent.

During development extrinsic guidance cues modulate the peripheral actin network in growth cones to direct axons to their targets. We wanted to understand the role of the actin nucleator Arp2/3 in growth cone actin dynamics and guidance. Since growth cones migrate in association with diverse adhesive substrates during development, we probed the hypothesis that the functional significance of Arp2/3 is substrate dependent.

Actin dynamics in growth cone motility and navigation.

Motile growth cones lead growing axons through developing tissues to synaptic targets. These behaviors depend on the organization and dynamics of actin filaments that fill the growth cone leading margin [peripheral (P-) domain]. Actin filament organization in growth cones is regulated by actin-binding proteins that control all aspects of filament assembly, turnover, interactions with other filaments and cytoplasmic components, and participation in producing mechanical forces.

[Taking care of outreach workers who intervene with marginal youths : Part 2].

Outreach work with youths in a precarious situation raises emotions and questions in workers while confronting them with their own suffering and fragility. In order to help them help as well as counter the risk of vicarious traumatisation, spaces for talking and exchanging with a third party have been created in various intervention settings. The objective is to allow them to elaborate on what their work makes them feel and thus preserve their stability and their ability to think.

Mesenchymal stem cells regulate blood-brain barrier integrity through TIMP3 release after traumatic brain injury.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be useful for treating a variety of disease states associated with vascular instability including traumatic brain injury (TBI). A soluble factor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), produced by MSCs is shown to recapitulate the beneficial effects of MSCs on endothelial function and to ameliorate the effects of a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to TBI. Intravenous administration of recombinant TIMP3 inhibited BBB permeability caused by TBI, whereas attenuation of TIMP3 expression in intravenously administered MSCs blocked the beneficial effects of the MSCs on BBB permeability and stability.

Biphasic regulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation by p21-activated kinase modulates intestinal smooth muscle contractility.

Supraphysiological mechanical stretching in smooth muscle results in decreased contractile activity. However, the mechanism is unclear. Previous studies indicated that intestinal motility dysfunction after edema development is associated with increased smooth muscle stress and decreased myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation in vivo, providing an ideal model for studying mechanical stress-mediated decrease in smooth muscle contraction.

[Close team work: sharing knowledge, solidarity and hope].

A proximity team was created more than eight years ago by a group of health professionals working with disaffiliated and homeless youth in the most precarious of situations. Proximity meetings have continued since that time, despite many changes within the team, including departures and new arrivals. The proximity team is a partnership project which revolves around common values and principles aimed at improving services for youth who find themselves marginalized or at risk of exclusion.

Strategies for modulating the inflammatory response after decompression from abdominal compartment syndrome.

Background: Management of the open abdomen is an increasingly common part of surgical practice. The purpose of this review is to examine the scientific background for the use of temporary abdominal closure (TAC) in the open abdomen as a way to modulate the local and systemic inflammatory response, with an emphasis on decompression after abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).

Methods: A review of the relevant English language literature was conducted.

Repulsive axon guidance cues ephrin-A2 and slit3 stop protrusion of the growth cone leading margin concurrently with inhibition of ADF/cofilin and ERM proteins.

Axonal growth cones turn away from repulsive guidance cues. This may start with reduced protrusive motility in the region the growth cone leading margin that is closer to the source of repulsive cue. Using explants of E7 chick temporal retina, we examine the effects of two repulsive guidance cues, ephrin-A2 and slit3, on retinal ganglion cell growth cone protrusive activity, total F-actin, free F-actin barbed ends, and the activities (phosphorylation states) of actin regulatory proteins, ADF/cofilin and ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) proteins.

Activation of ezrin/radixin/moesin mediates attractive growth cone guidance through regulation of growth cone actin and adhesion receptors.

The development of a functioning neural network relies on responses of axonal growth cones to molecular guidance cues that are encountered en route to their target tissue. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 serve as attractive cues for chick embryo sensory growth cones in vitro and in vivo, but little is known about the actin-binding proteins necessary to mediate this response. The evolutionarily conserved ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins can tether actin filaments to the cell membrane when phosphorylated at a conserved threonine residue.

Aged plasma transfusion increases mortality in a rat model of uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Introduction: Recent data have associated improved survival after hemorrhagic shock with the early use of plasma-based resuscitation. Our laboratory has shown that FFP5 has decreased hemostatic potential compared with freshly thawed plasma (FFP0). We hypothesized that FFP5 would increase bleeding and mortality compared with FFP0 in a rodent bioassay model of uncontrolled liver hemorrhage.

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit inflammation and preserve vascular endothelial integrity in the lungs after hemorrhagic shock.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) and trauma is currently the leading cause of death in young adults worldwide. Morbidity and mortality after HS and trauma is often the result of multi-organ failure such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), conditions with few therapeutic options. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a multipotent stem cell population that has shown therapeutic promise in numerous pre-clinical and clinical models of disease.

Location of pulmonary metastasis in pediatric osteosarcoma is predictive of outcome.

Background: The 3-year survival after pulmonary metastasectomy for osteosarcoma (OS) is approximately 30%. Resection of metastatic disease can prolong life in pediatric patients with OS. Our objective is to assess the outcome of pediatric patients with pulmonary metastases located centrally as compared with peripheral lesions.

Progenitor cells as remote "bioreactors": neuroprotection via modulation of the systemic inflammatory response.

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and ischemic stroke are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs worldwide. Preliminary research has shown potential neuroprotection associated with adult tissue derived stem/progenitor cell based therapies. While initial research indicated that engraftment and transdifferentiation into neural cells could explain the observed benefit, the exact mechanism remains controversial.

Labeling F-actin barbed ends with rhodamine-actin in permeabilized neuronal growth cones.

The motile tips of growing axons are called growth cones. Growth cones lead navigating axons through developing tissues by interacting with locally expressed molecular guidance cues that bind growth cone receptors and regulate the dynamics and organization of the growth cone cytoskeleton. The main target of these navigational signals is the actin filament meshwork that fills the growth cone periphery and that drives growth cone motility through continual actin polymerization and dynamic remodeling.

Resection of pulmonary metastases in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma improves survival.

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone tumor in children, and survival of those with metastatic ES has not improved. Previous studies have shown a survival benefit to whole lung irradiation in patients with pulmonary metastases and may be given either before, after, or instead of surgical pulmonary metastasectomy (PM). The contribution of surgery compared with irradiation in ES has not previously been studied.

Multiple levels of degradation diminish hemostatic potential of thawed plasma.

Background: Severe bleeding after injury requires transfusion of blood products, including fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Many centers are keeping thawed plasma (TP) ready for massively transfused patients. According to the American Association of Blood Banks Standards, TP is approved for transfusion up to 5 days after thawing, when stored at 1°C to 6°C.

Fresh frozen plasma increases adhesion molecule expression on human pulmonary endothelial cells.

Background: Current blood banking practices allow fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to be thawed and then stored for 5 d between 1 and 6 °C. We hypothesized that aged plasma (d 5 FFP) would be pro-inflammatory to the endothelium compared with fresh plasma (d 0 FFP).

Materials And Methods: Human pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs) were treated with (1) media, (2) media + lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (3) lactated Ringer's (LR), (4) LR + LPS, (5) d 0 FFP, (6) d 0 FFP + LPS, (7) d 5 FFP, and (8) d 5 FFP + LPS.

Activation of ADF/cofilin mediates attractive growth cone turning toward nerve growth factor and netrin-1.

Proper neural circuitry requires that growth cones, motile tips of extending axons, respond to molecular guidance cues expressed in the developing organism. However, it is unclear how guidance cues modify the cytoskeleton to guide growth cone pathfinding. Here, we show acute treatment with two attractive guidance cues, nerve growth factor (NGF) and netrin-1, for embryonic dorsal root ganglion and temporal retinal neurons, respectively, results in increased growth cone membrane protrusion, actin polymerization, and filamentous actin (F-actin).

Actin in axons: stable scaffolds and dynamic filaments.

Actin filaments are thin polymers of the 42 kD protein actin. In mature axons a network of subaxolemmal actin filaments provide stability for membrane integrity and a substrate for short distance transport of cargos. In developing neurons dynamic regulation of actin polymerization and organization mediates axonal morphogenesis and axonal pathfinding to synaptic targets.

Protein synthesis in distal axons is not required for growth cone responses to guidance cues.

Recent evidence suggests that growth cone responses to guidance cues require local protein synthesis. Using chick neurons, we investigated whether protein synthesis is required for growth cones of several types to respond to guidance cues. First, we found that global inhibition of protein synthesis stops axonal elongation after 2 h.

Basal cell carcinoma and rhinophyma.

Rhinophyma, the end stage in the development of acne rosacea, is characterized by sebaceous hyperplasia, fibrosis, follicular plugging, and telangiectasia. Although it is commonly considered a cosmetic problem, it can result in gross distortion of soft tissue and airway obstruction. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare finding in patients with rhinophyma.