DNA repair genes polymorphism and lung cancer risk with the emphasis to sex differences.

Polymorphisms in nucleotide and base excision repair genes are associated with the variability in the risk of developing lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated the polymorphisms of following selected DNA repair genes: XPC (Lys939Gln), XPD (Lys751Gln), hOGG1 (Ser326Cys) and XRCC1 (Arg399Gln), and the risks they present towards the development of lung cancer with the emphasis to gender differences within the Slovak population. We analyzed 761 individuals comprising 382 patients with diagnosed lung cancer and 379 healthy controls.

Chromosomal damage among medical staff occupationally exposed to volatile anesthetics, antineoplastic drugs, and formaldehyde.

Objectives: Structural chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes represent a biomarker for cellular damage caused by genotoxic carcinogens and are an indicator of increased cancer risk. We evaluated the association between frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations, chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations, and occupational exposures to volatile anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, and formaldehyde among 601 medical professionals.

Methods: Chromosomal damage among exposed individuals and unexposed controls was determined by conventional cytogenetic analysis.

Evaluating chromosomal damage in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium and the modulating role of polymorphisms of DNA repair genes.

Purpose: Welders have been chronically exposed to hexavalent chromium with potential consequences on chromosomal integrity. Our study is focused on the extent of any such chromosomal aberrations with respect to chromium levels in the blood of welders as well as on the tentative modulating role of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XPD Lys751Gln, XPG Asn114His, XPC Lys939Gln, hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln on chromosomal damage.

Methods: The study was conducted on 144 individuals consisting of 73 welders exposed to chromium for 10.

Gene polymorphisms of biotransforming enzymes (GSTs) and their association with lung cancer in the Slovakian population.

Objective: The aim of present study was to present the results of a case-control study focused on genetic polymorphisms of selected Phase II metabolizing enzymes (GSTM1, T1, and P1) and to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with lung cancer risk in the Slovakian population.

Material And Methods: The study encompassed 160 lung cancer cases and 220 controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and the polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 enzymes were determined by PCR-based methods.

Comparison of chromosomal aberrations frequency and polymorphism of GSTs genes in workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics or anaesthetics.

Authors compared the incidence of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) of workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics (group EXP1) or anaesthetics (group EXP2) in relationship to polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes. The cytogenetic analysis for chromosomal aberrations frequency and for polymorphisms of genes the PCR and PCR-RFLP method were used. Statistically higher frequency of total CAs was detected in both exposed groups: group EXP1 1.

[Radiation protective quality of spacesuit "Orlan-M" during extravehicular activities on the International Space Station].

Sampling irradiation of spacesuit "Orlan-M" allowed construction of a simulation model of the spacesuit shielding function for critical body organs. The critical organs self-shielding model is a Russian standard anthropomorphic phantom. Radiation protective quality of the spacesuit was assessed by calculating the dose attenuation rates for several critical body organs of an ISS crewmember implementing EVA.

[Prevention of respiratory muscles deconditioning and deterioration of aerobic working capacity in prolonged weightlessness and hypokinesia].

According to the previous study [2], simulation of the physiological effects of weightlessness leads to deconditioning of the respiratory muscles which, in its turn, may be a factor impacting the aerobic working capacity. In the present work the experimental findings laid the basis for a physiological concept for medical/engineering requirements to countermeasures against deconditioning of the respiratory muscles, designing and laboratory and physiological testing of a prototype of training loading vest Elastik-R. The vest was shown to enhance speed and force qualities of the respiratory muscles in training athletes, to improve ventilation and gas-exchange functions of the lung, and to increase physical performance and aerobic capacity.

[Effect of loading suit "Penguin" on human metabolism during movements].

Additional energy expenses due to stretching of the elastic elements of anti-loading suit (ALS) "Penguin" as a whole (shoulders-feet) or only its lower part (waist-feet) in the course of cyclic leg movements were measured in five female and five male volunteers. ALS design enabled tensometric monitoring of efforts applied to specific elastic elements, and total efforts applied to the shoulder or pelvic girdles separately. Energy spend were determined with the indirect calorimetric techniques from the data of the expired air analysis.

[Changes in the basic indices of human hemodynamics in lower body compression using an anti-G suit].

Changes in cardiovascular parameters of test subjects wearing anti-G suits were studied under static conditions. The study was carried out, using methods of radioactive label dilution, radiocardiography and tetrapolar rheography. The study demonstrated the highest level of physiological reactions within short transition periods after inflation and deflation of suit bladders.

[Several hemodynamic indices during human breathing of oxygen under excess pressure].

The paper gives the experimental findings on the pattern and value of circulation changes in ten test subjects exposed to oxygen breathing at positive pressure of 20 mm Hg. The major parameters of central circulation were registered by the method of radioactive label (I131) dilution. During the exposure the test subjects showed an average 27% decrease in the cardiac output as compared with the control level.