Onset of ANCA-positive EGPA with bilateral pleural effusion: a case report.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multisystemic, immune-mediated disease that occurs in patients with asthma and eosinophilia. It is characterized by inflammation of small- and medium-caliber blood vessels.

Case Report: This report presents an unusual clinical case of EGPA with positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies who manifested bilateral pleural effusion.

CD26 Is Differentially Expressed throughout the Life Cycle of Infantile Hemangiomas and Characterizes the Proliferative Phase.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are benign vascular neoplasms of childhood (prevalence 5-10%) due to the abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells. IHs are characterized by a peculiar natural life cycle enclosing three phases: proliferative (≤12 months), involuting (≥13 months), and involuted (up to 4-7 years). The mechanisms underlying this neoplastic disease still remain uncovered.

Liquid Biopsy and 18F-FDG PET/CT Derived Parameters as Predictive Factors of Osimertinib Treatment in Advanced EGFR-Mutated NSCLC.

Objectives: Despite the outstanding results achieved by osimertinib for the treatment of advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC, the development of resistance is almost inevitable. While molecular mechanism responsible for osimertinib resistance are being mostly revealed, the definition of predictive biomarkers is crucial in order to identify patients at higher risk of progression and optimize treatment strategy.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective single-center study aimed to assess the potential role of liquid biopsy and 18F-FDG PET/CT derived metabolic parameters as noninvasive predictive biomarkers of osimertinib outcomes in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.

Plasma exchange-sensitive syncytial glomerulopathy in a kidney transplant patient.

Microvascular inflammation (MVI), defined as the presence of glomerulitis and/or peritubular capillaritis, is the key histological lesion of anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSA)-related antibody mediated rejection, but recently other possible mechanisms of MVI have emerged. However, except for peritubular capillary C4d deposition that is more frequently observed in the presence of anti-HLA-DSA, histological features are similar regardless of MVI origin. Therefore, accurately describing patterns of MVI may help differentiate etiologies and drive therapeutic choices.

MET alterations as resistance mechanisms of dabrafenib-trametinib in BRAF p.V600E mutated non-small cell lung cancer patient.

The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors demonstrated significant clinical benefit in patients with BRAF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibition in NSCLC are still unknown. Herein, we report a case of a 76-year-old man with a history of smoking who was diagnosed with BRAF V600E-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (PD-L1 > 50%) and subsequently candidate to first-line therapy with pembrolizumab.

Intersecting Blood Cytokines With Cholesterol Parameters to Profile Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The study investigated the relationship between serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, cholesterol metabolism, and clinical outcome in cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Peripheral blood was collected before therapy from ICI-treated advanced cancer patients. We retrospectively assessed plasma total cholesterol (TC), ABCA1- and ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux (CE), passive diffusion (PD), cholesterol loading capacity (CLC), and serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α.

Immunomodulatory effects of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma models: Impact on following anti-PD-1 treatments.

The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), introducing several ICI-based combinations as the new standard of care for affected patients. Nonetheless, monotherapy with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as pazopanib or sunitinib, still represents a first-line treatment option for selected patients belonging to the favorable risk group according to the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) model. After TKI monotherapy, the main second-line option is represented by ICI monotherapy with the anti-Programmed Death Receptor 1(PD-1) nivolumab.

Is Lobectomy Actually Worse Than Segmentectomy for All Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Introduction: The recent results of the JCOG 0802 and CALGB 140503 studies suggest that segmentectomy should be considered instead of lobectomy for patients with peripheral <2 cm node-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to test this hypothesis in a retrospective analysis of a larger dataset of patients with stage I NSCLC recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Methods: Patients with all stage I NSCLC (≤4 cm in size) who underwent either segmentectomy or lobectomy from 2000 to 2017 were analyzed.

Testicular metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma: the other side of orchiepididymitis.

Background: Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma is a rare event and there are few references to this topic. We report an unusual case of prostate cancer metastasis and review of contemporary literature. Moreover, we discuss the pathogenesis and the clinical aspects of this event.

Intrinsic Resistance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutated NSCLC Cell Lines Induced by Alteration in Cell-Cycle Regulators.

Background: Cell-cycle regulators are mutated in approximately 40% of all cancer types and have already been linked to worse outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinomas treated with osimertinib. However, their exact role in osimertinib resistance has not been elucidated.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate how the CDK4/6-Rb axis may affect the sensitivity to osimertinib.

Retrospective immunophenotypical evaluation of MET, PD-1/PD-L1, and mTOR pathways in primary tumors and pulmonary metastases of renal cell carcinoma: the RIVELATOR study addresses the issue of biomarkers heterogeneity.

Aim: In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), tumor heterogeneity generated challenges to biomarker development and therapeutic management, often becoming responsible for primary and acquired drug resistance. This study aimed to assess the inter-tumoral, intra-tumoral, and intra-lesional heterogeneity of known druggable targets in metastatic RCC (mRCC).

Methods: The RIVELATOR study was a monocenter retrospective analysis of biological samples from 25 cases of primary RCC and their paired pulmonary metastases.

Advancing the PD-L1 CPS test in metastatic TNBC: Insights from pathologists and findings from a nationwide survey.

Pembrolizumab has received approval as a first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥ 10. However, assessing CPS in mTNBC poses challenges. Firstly, it represents a novel analysis for breast pathologists.

Relationship Between the Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and Lung Adenocarcinoma Patterns: New Possible Insights.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate a potential relationship between the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC).

Methods: Patients who underwent radical surgery for lung ADC between 2001 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. DLCO values were dichotomized into DLCO (<80% of predicted) and DLCO (≥80%).

Notch-Jagged1 signaling and response to bevacizumab therapy in advanced colorectal cancer: A glance to radiomics or back to physiopathology?

Introduction: The Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and its ligands Jagged-1(Jag1), Delta-like ligand (DLL-3) and DLL4 play an important role in neoangiogenesis. Previous studies suggest a correlation between the tissue levels of NICD and response to therapy with bevacizumab in colorectal cancer (CRC). Another marker that may predict outcome in CRC is radiomics of liver metastases.

Β-blockers activate autophagy on infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cells in vitro.

Unlabelled: The mechanisms underlying the success of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH) remain elusive and do not fully explain the rapid regression of hemangiomatous lesions following drug administration. As autophagy is critically implicated in vascular homeostasis, we determined whether β-blockers trigger the autophagic flux on infantile hemangioma-derived endothelial cells (Hem-ECs) in vitro.

Material And Methods: Fresh tissue specimens, surgically removed for therapeutic purpose to seven children affected by proliferative IH, were subjected to enzymatic digestion.

Therapeutic Outcomes and Clinical Features of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Carrying KRAS Mutations: A Multicenter Real-life Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Targeting Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) has been deemed impossible for long time, but new drugs have recently demonstrated promising results. Evidence on the outcome of KRAS-mutant advanced-NSCLC treated with new standard regimens are still scarce. Thus, we aimed at assessing the incidence and clinical impact of KRAS mutations in a real-life population of advanced-NSCLC, exploring the prognostic significance of distinct alterations.

Impact of High-Grade Patterns in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Multicentric Analysis.

Objective: The presence of micropapillary and solid adenocarcinoma patterns leads to a worse survival and a significantly higher tendency to recur. This study aims to assess the impact of pT descriptor combined with the presence of high-grade components on long-term outcomes in early-stage lung adenocarcinomas.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data of consecutive resected pT1-T3N0 lung adenocarcinoma from nine European Thoracic Centers.

The implication of liquid biopsies to predict chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases among solid tumors. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease and are characterized by poor chemosensitivity. Therefore, earlier diagnosis and novel therapeutic possibilities for pancreatic cancer patients are urgently needed.

KRAS: A Druggable Target in Colon Cancer Patients.

Mutations in are among the most frequent aberrations in cancer, including colon cancer. KRAS direct targeting is daunting due to KRAS protein resistance to small molecule inhibition. Moreover, its elevated affinity to cellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) has made the design of specific drugs challenging.

and Amplifications as Synergistic Resistance Mechanisms to Different Generation ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC: Brief Report of Clinical and Preclinical Proofs.

Introduction: ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment for advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. Nevertheless, drug resistance inevitably occurs. Here, we report a case of a patient with metastatic ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma with an impressive resistance to sequential treatment with ALK TKIs mediated by and amplification in a contest of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and high progressive chromosomal instability.

Pathological and clinical features of multiple cancers and lung adenocarcinoma: a multicentre study.

Objectives: Lung cancer is increasingly diagnosed as a second cancer. Our goal was to analyse the characteristics and outcomes of early-stage resected lung adenocarcinomas in patients with previous cancers (PC) and correlations with adenocarcinoma subtypes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of patients radically operated on for stage I-II lung adenocarcinoma in 9 thoracic surgery departments between 2014 and 2017.