Cognitive and White Matter Microstructure Development in Congenital Hypothyroidism and Familial Thyroid Disorders.

Context: Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are at risk for suboptimal neurodevelopment.

Objectives: To evaluate neurocognitive function and white matter microstructure in children with permanent or transient CH and to correlate these findings with disease severity.

Design, Participants And Methods: A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in 39 children with permanent or transient CH, and in 39 healthy children.

Cognitive Profiles and Brain Volume Are Affected in Patients with Silver-Russell Syndrome.

Context: There is little information on cognitive function in Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), and no neuroimaging studies are available so far.

Objective: To assess cognitive function and brain volumes in patients with SRS.

Design/setting: Wechsler Intelligence Scale and brain magnetic resonance on a 3-Tesla scanner with Voxel-based morphometry analysis were performed between 2016 and 2018 in a single tertiary university center.

Spatial-sequential and spatial-simultaneous working memory in individuals with Williams syndrome.

The aim of the present study was to compare visuospatial working memory performance in 18 individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and 18 typically developing (TD) children matched for nonverbal mental age. Two aspects were considered: task presentation format (i.e.

Exploring spatial working memory performance in individuals with Williams syndrome: the effect of presentation format and configuration.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with an impaired capacity for visuospatial representation. Individuals with WS have a specific weakness in spatial processing, while visual components are relatively well preserved. This dissociation is apparent in working memory function too.