Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and bioavailability of dexmedetomidine nasal spray in healthy Chinese adults: A phase I clinical trial.

Background: Intranasal administration is a convenient route for drug delivery that can be applied for procedural sedation. However, there is currently limited exploration into fixed dosing regimens. This study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), bioavailability (BA) and safety of dexmedetomidine after fixed doses of intranasal and intravenous administration in healthy male and female subjects.

Integrable utilization of intermittent sunlight and residual heat for on-demand CO conversion with water.

Abundant residual heat from industrial emissions may provide energy resource for CO conversion, which relies on H gas and cannot be accomplished at low temperatures. Here, we report an approach to store electrons and hydrogen atoms in catalysts using sunlight and water, which can be released for CO reduction in dark at relatively low temperatures (150-300 °C), enabling on-demand CO conversion. As a proof of concept, a model catalyst is developed by loading single Cu sites on hexagonal tungsten trioxide (Cu/WO).

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of brivaracetam and its interactions with rifampin based on CYP2C19 phenotypes.

Brivaracetam (BRV), a third-generation antiepileptic drug (AED), is primarily metabolized through amidase hydrolysis and CYP2C19-mediated hydroxylation in vivo. This study utilized physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to explore the pharmacokinetics of BRV and drug interactions between BRV and rifampin (RIF), a CYP2C19 inducer, based on CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. A PBPK model of BRV was developed in the general population and in individuals with different CYP2C19 phenotypes by adjusting catalytic rate constants (k), and the model was validated with observed clinical data.

Simultaneous bioanalysis of rasagiline and its major metabolites in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.

Rasagiline is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type-B (MAO-B) and has been used both as a monotherapy and in addition to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rasagiline is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system, and the following three major metabolites with potential neuroprotective activity have been identified: 1-aminoindan (AI), 3-hydroxy-N-propargyl-1-aminoindan (3-OH-PAI) and 3-hydroxy-1-aminoindan (3-OH-AI). In this study, a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of rasagiline and its major metabolites in human plasma.