Gut Microbiome-Derived Uremic Toxin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients on Different Phosphate Binder Therapies.

Introduction: Constipation is prevalent in patients with kidney failure partly due to the use of medication, such as phosphate binders. We hypothesized that serum levels of gut microbiome-derived uremic toxins (UTOX) may be affected by the choice of phosphate binder putatively through its impact on colonic transit time. We investigated two commonly prescribed phosphate binders, sevelamer carbonate (SEV) and sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFO), and their association with gut microbiome-derived UTOX levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Millennium Development Goals: how public health professionals perceive the achievement of MDGs.

Background: There have been various consultations on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by different groups. However, even if it is clear that the health sector has led the development success of the MDGs, only a few MDG reports consider public health experts' points of view and these are mainly government driven.

Designs: The World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) has executed a global survey to consult public health professionals worldwide concerning the implementation and achievements of the MDGs.

MDGs--A public health professional's perspective from 71 countries.

The World Federation of Public Health Associations executed a quali-quantitative survey to explore the opinion of public health professionals worldwide and their experience concerning the implementation and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. We received 427 completed questionnaires from 71 countries. 88 per cent of respondents were involved in MDGs-related activities collaborating mainly with the national government, multilateral organisations and local NGOs.