Mortality Profile of Deaths Related to Infective Endocarditis in Brazil and Regions: A Population-Based Analysis of Death Records.

Background: Studies of infective endocarditis (IE) are generally limited to institutions, underlining the need for more comprehensive epidemiological research.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the mortality profile of IE-related deaths and related causes in Brazil at the national level and across regions.

Method: We conducted a population-based study using data from the country's mortality information system for the period 2000 to 2019.

Relapses in canine leishmaniosis: risk factors identified through mixed-effects logistic regression.

Background: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is an important vector-borne parasitic disease in dogs with implications for human health. Despite advancements, managing CanL remains challenging due to its complexity, especially in chronic, relapsing cases. Mathematical modeling has emerged as a powerful tool in various medical fields, but its application in understanding CanL relapses remains unexplored.

Diet quality and nutritional status in children with human immunodeficiency virus.

Poor diet quality in children and adolescents may contribute to decreased immunity and lead to an increased risk of opportunistic diseases. To investigate diet quality and its relationship to nutritional status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients (HIV-PIHIV). We conducted a cross-sectional study with 87 patients aged between 6 and 19 years carried out in two University Hospitals.

Symptom-based clusters of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory illness by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil.

Background: COVID-19 has shown a broad clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to mild, moderate, and severe infections. Many symptoms have already been identified as typical of COVID-19, but few studies show how they can be useful in identifying clusters of patients with different severity of illness. This interpretation may help to recognize the different profiles of symptoms of COVID-19 expressed in a population at certain time.

Assessing the relationship between species traits and extinction risk at a regional level: an analysis involving Brazilian terrestrial mammals.

One of the various concerns of conservation biology is determining why certain species are more threatened than others. In this study, we aim to relate the national conservation status of Brazilian mammals with the taxonomic group to which they belong and with three of their intrinsic traits: body mass, diet, and litter size. We compiled a database containing the species, their status, and their attributes, and a multiple correspondence analysis was applied to identify relationships between traits and status.

Spatial Analysis of the Sociodemographic Characteristics, Comorbidities, Hospitalization, Signs, and Symptoms Among Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

After more than 1 year from the beginning of the pandemic, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reached all continents. The number of infected people is still increasing, and Brazil is among the countries with the highest number of registered cases in the world. In this study, we investigated the profile of hospitalized COVID-19 cases and the eventual clusters of similar areas, using geographic information systems.

Eating habits of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The impact of social isolation.

Background: The social isolation enforced as a result of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may impact families' lifestyle and eating habits. The present study aimed to assess the behaviour and dietary patterns of Brazilian children and adolescents during the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The present study was conducted using an online, anonymous cross-sectional survey with 589 children and 720 adolescents from Brazil during a nationwide social isolation policy.

Risk Factors for Hospitalization and Mortality due to COVID-19 in Espírito Santo State, Brazil.

Brazil is, at the time of writing, the global epicenter of COVID-19, but information on risk factors for hospitalization and mortality in the country is still limited. Demographic and clinical data of COVID-19 patients until June 11th, 2020 were retrieved from the State Health Secretariat of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization and death were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.

Ensemble Classifiers for Predicting HIV-1 Resistance from Three Rule-Based Genotypic Resistance Interpretation Systems.

Resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) is a major problem faced by HIV-infected individuals. Different rule-based algorithms were developed to infer HIV-1 susceptibility to antiretrovirals from genotypic data. However, there is discordance between them, resulting in difficulties for clinical decisions about which treatment to use.

Lopinavir Resistance Classification with Imbalanced Data Using Probabilistic Neural Networks.

Resistance to antiretroviral drugs has been a major obstacle for long-lasting treatment of HIV-infected patients. The development of models to predict drug resistance is recognized as useful for helping the decision of the best therapy for each HIV+ individual. The aim of this study was to develop classifiers for predicting resistance to the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir using a probabilistic neural network (PNN).

[Performance by cytology and hybrid capture II in screening for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in women with HIV].

HIV-infected women are at increased risk of developing high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), the precursor lesions for cervical cancer. This study estimated and compared the performance of cytology and hybrid capture II in screening for precursor lesions of cervical cancer among HIV-infected women. The study population consisted of women from the open prospective cohort at the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IPEC/Fiocruz).