Burnout among primary health care workers in Brazil: results of a multilevel analysis.

Purpose: Burnout among health care workers may hamper the quality of care and effectiveness of health systems. Hence, we examined the prevalence of burnout in primary care teams, including community health workers; and investigated associations between individuals' characteristics, team and primary care center factors, and burnout.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study among primary care teams in the city of São Paulo, Brazil (n = 2940).

Critical evaluation of food intake and energy balance in young modern pentathlon athletes: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Modern pentathlon comprises five sports: fencing, swimming, equestrian jumping, and a combined event of pistol shooting and running. Despite the expected high energy demand of this sport, there are few studies that provide support for the nutritional recommendations for pentathletes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate young modern pentathlon athletes with respect to body composition, biochemical profile, and consumption of food and supplements.

[Prevalence of common mental disorders and the relationship to the social context: multilevel analysis of the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH)].

Social context can play a important role in the etiology and prevalence of mental disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors for common mental disorders (CMD), considering different contextual levels: individual, household, and census tract. The study used a population-based sample of 2,366 respondents from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study.

Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi proline racemase affects host-parasite interactions and the outcome of in vitro infection.

Proline racemase is an important enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi and has been shown to be an effective mitogen for B cells, thus contributing to the parasite's immune evasion and persistence in the human host. Recombinant epimastigote parasites overexpressing TcPRAC genes coding for proline racemase present an augmented ability to differentiate into metacyclic infective forms and subsequently penetrate host-cells in vitro. Here we demonstrate that both anti T.

Methods for estimating prevalence ratios in cross-sectional studies.

Objective: To empirically compare the Cox, log-binomial, Poisson and logistic regressions to obtain estimates of prevalence ratios (PR) in cross-sectional studies.

Methods: Data from a population-based cross-sectional epidemiological study (n = 2072) on elderly people in Sao Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), conducted between May 2003 and April 2005, were used. Diagnoses of dementia, possible cases of common mental disorders and self-rated poor health were chosen as outcomes with low, intermediate and high prevalence, respectively.

Incidence of first-contact psychosis in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Little is known about the incidence of first-episode psychosis in urban centres of low- or middle-income countries.

Aims: To estimate the incidence of psychosis in São Paulo, a large metropolis of Brazil.

Method: Prospective survey of first-episode psychosis among residents aged 18-64 years resident in a defined area of São Paulo, over a 30-month period (July 20 2002-December 2004).

Reliability of the Brazilian version of the Camberwell Assessment of Needs (CAN) in first-episode psychosis cases in São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To translate and adapt the Brazilian version of the Camberwell Assessment of Needs schedule for research, and to assess its inter-rater reliability in a sample of first-episode psychosis cases in São Paulo, Brazil.

Method: A sub-sample of participants included in a study of first-episode psychosis in São Paulo was assessed utilizing the 22 domains of the Brazilian version of the Camberwell Assessment of Needs. The Camberwell Assessment of Needs was applied, tape-recorded and rated by research assistants.

High prevalence of dementia among older adults from poor socioeconomic backgrounds in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population of older adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional one-phase population-based study was carried out among all residents aged > or = 65 in defined census sectors of an economically disadvantaged area of São Paulo. Identification of cases of dementia followed the protocol developed by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group.

Cognitive deficits in first-episode psychosis: a population-based study in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Studies conducted in high-income countries have reported significant cognitive deficits in first on set schizophrenia subjects relative to asymptotic controls, and it has been suggested that the severity of such deficits could be directly related to the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). It is relevant to conduct similar studies in developing countries, given the supposedly better outcome for schizophrenia patients living in the latter environments.

Methods: We applied verbal fluency and digit span tests to an epidemiological-based series of patients with first-onset psychoses (n=179) recruited in the city of São Paulo, and compared the findings with those from non-psychotic control subjects randomly selected from the same geographical areas (n=383).

Nucleus behavior during the closed mitosis of Tritrichomonas foetus.

We present observations on the fine structure and the division process of the nucleus in the protist Tritrichomonas foetus, parasite of the urogenital tract of cattle. The nucleus was followed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy during interphase and mitosis. Conventional karyotyping coupled to image processing and bright field Panotic staining were used to follow nucleus modifications, chromosome number and condensation pattern along the whole cell cycle.