[Not Available].

A focused point-of-care abdominal ultrasound is an examination performed at the patient's location and interpreted within the clinical context. This review gives an overview of this examination modality. The objective is to rapidly address predefined dichotomised questions about the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, gallstones, cholecystitis, hydronephrosis, urinary retention, free intraperitoneal fluid, and small bowel obstruction.

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review With an Interactive Database.

Background: This scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the evidence of point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) in emergency medicine. By emphasizing clinical topics, time trends, study designs, and the scope of the primary outcomes, a map is provided for physicians and researchers to guide their future initiatives.

Research Question: Which study designs and primary outcomes are reported in published studies of LUS in emergency medicine?

Study Design And Methods: We performed a systematic search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for LUS studies published prior to May 13, 2023.

Antibiotic stewardship based on education: minor impact on knowledge, perception and attitude.

The purpose of this study was to implement an education-based antibiotic stewardship programme at two regional hospitals in Denmark, and thereby reduce consumption of antibiotics in general and cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in particular. We aimed to improve physicians' knowledge, prescribing practices and perceptions and attitudes towards antibiotics, and to achieve changes in behaviour. The antibiotic stewardship programme comprised education, guidelines, audits and feedback and ward rounds by a clinical microbiologist.

Both Reactivity and Accessibility Are Important in Cytochrome P450 Metabolism: A Combined DFT and MD Study of Fenamic Acids in BM3 Mutants.

Cytochrome P450 102A1 from Bacillus megaterium (BM3) is a fatty acid hydroxylase that has one of the highest turnover rates of any mono-oxygenase. Recent studies have shown how mutants of BM3 can produce metabolites of known drug compounds similar to those observed in humans. Single-point mutations in the binding pocket change the regioselective metabolism of fenamic acids from aromatic hydroxylation to aliphatic hydroxylation.

The applicability of guidelines on antimicrobials provided by the Danish Health Authority.

Introduction: Our objective was to investigate the know-ledge of "Guidelines on prescribing antibiotics for physicians and others in Denmark" published by the Danish Health Au-thority in 2012, and the usefulness of these guidelines for Danish hospital doctors.

Methods: We collected information on the perceived aware-ness and usefulness of the guidelines using a ques-tionnaire distributed at two regional hospitals. Furthermore, to evaluate the use of the guidelines, we collected data about 310 patients treated with antimicrobials at the two hospitals.

Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap®) used as an audit tool with a built-in database.

The aim of this study was to develop an audit tool with a built-in database using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap®) as part of an antimicrobial stewardship program at a regional hospital in the Central Denmark Region, and to analyse the need, if any, to involve more than one expert in the evaluation of cases of antimicrobial treatment, and the level of agreement among the experts. Patients treated with systemic antimicrobials in the period from 1 September 2015 to 31 August 2016 were included, in total 722 cases. Data were collected retrospectively and entered manually.

The low binding affinity of D-serine at the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluD2 can be attributed to the hinge region.

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are responsible for most of the fast excitatory communication between neurons in our brain. The GluD2 receptor is a puzzling member of the iGluR family: It is involved in synaptic plasticity, plays a role in human diseases, e.g.

Analysing risk factors for urinary tract infection based on automated monitoring of hospital-acquired infection.

Urinary tract infections account for as much as one-third of all nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to examine previously reported characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HA-UTI) using an automated infection monitoring system (Hospital-Acquired Infection Registry: HAIR). A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the association of risk factors with HA-UTI.

Insights into regioselective metabolism of mefenamic acid by cytochrome P450 BM3 mutants through crystallography, docking, molecular dynamics, and free energy calculations.

Cytochrome P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) mutant M11 is able to metabolize a wide range of drugs and drug-like compounds. Among these, M11 was recently found to be able to catalyze formation of human metabolites of mefenamic acid and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Interestingly, single active-site mutations such as V87I were reported to invert regioselectivity in NSAID hydroxylation.

Incidence rates of hospital-acquired urinary tract and bloodstream infections generated by automated compilation of electronically available healthcare data.

Background: Monitoring of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) by automated compilation of registry data may address the disadvantages of laborious, costly and potentially subjective and often random sampling of data by manual surveillance.

Aim: To evaluate a system for automated monitoring of hospital-acquired urinary tract (HA-UTI) and bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) and to report incidence rates over a five-year period in a Danish hospital trust.

Methods: Based primarily on electronically available data relating to microbiology results and antibiotic prescriptions, the automated monitoring of HA-UTIs and HA-BSIs was validated against data from six previous point-prevalence surveys (PPS) from 2010 to 2013 and data from a manual assessment (HA-UTI only) of one department of internal medicine from January 2010.

Density functional theory study on the formation of reactive benzoquinone imines by hydrogen abstraction.

Many drug compounds are oxidized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to form reactive metabolites. This study presents density functional theory calculations of the CYP-mediated metabolism of acetaminophen and a series of related compounds that can form reactive metabolites by hydrogen abstraction. The substitution pattern affects the activation barrier for hydrogen abstraction by up to 30 kJ/mol.

Predicting bloodstream infection via systemic inflammatory response syndrome or biochemistry.

Background: The yield of blood cultures is approximately 10%. This could be caused by inaccurate prediction of patients with bloodstream infection (BSI).

Objectives: To evaluate the usability of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or biochemical analyses as predictors for positive blood culture.

Obesity, diabetes, and the risk of infections diagnosed in hospital and post-discharge infections after cesarean section: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To assess the impact of obesity and diabetes on the risk of post-cesarean infections.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Obstetric departments at three hospitals in Denmark.

Surveillance of selected post-caesarean infections based on electronic registries: validation study including post-discharge infections.

The importance of surveillance of post-discharge infections has increased as a consequence of shorter hospital stay after surgical procedures. This study examined the ability of a computer-based surveillance system to identify urinary tract infections (UTIs) and postoperative wound infections (PWIs) within 30 days after caesarean section. We assessed the use of data from various electronic registries to identify patients with post-caesarean UTI and PWI classified according to a reference standard.

Risk of selected postpartum infections after cesarean section compared with vaginal birth: a five-year cohort study of 32,468 women.

Objectives: To compare the risk of postpartum infections within 30 days after vaginal birth, emergency, or elective cesarean section (CS).

Design: Register-based cohort study in Denmark.

Participants: A total of 32,468 women giving birth in hospitals in the County of Aarhus, Denmark, during the period 2001-2005.

[Trends in the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and hospital use of antibiotics in the Aarhus county].

Introduction: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections and the use of antibiotics in hospitals in Aarhus County, Denmark, and to compare these results with those of previous prevalence studies from 1994 and 1999.

Materials And Methods: Patients from departments with seven-day beds were included in a prevalence study that took place in September 2003. An infection control team visited each department on a particular day.

Surveillance of hospital-acquired infections based on electronic hospital registries.

Computer-assisted surveillance of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) was compared with conventional manual registration (our gold standard i.e. reference method) by chart reviews of nosocomial infections in patients from surgical and medical departments.

Malabsorption of fat after partial gastric resection. A study of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

The causes of fat malabsorption after gastric resection were studied in patients randomized to Billroth I gastroduodenostomy or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after antrectomy and selective gastric vagotomy for intractable prepyloric peptic ulcer. Eighteen patients were studied 2 years or more postoperatively. Assessment of food intake concerning protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals showed deficiency in seven cases, but without significant difference between the two operation types.

Effects of some gastrointestinal peptides on isolated human and rabbit gastric glands.

The isolated gastric gland preparation, with aminopyrine accumulation as an index of the parietal cell response, has been used to study the effects of somatostatin (S-14), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and peptide YY (PYY) on the in vitro acid secretion in human and rabbit oxyntic mucosa. Somatostatin was able to inhibit the parietal cell response to histamine in both human and rabbit isolated gastric glands (maximal inhibition, 22% and 34%, respectively) but failed to inhibit the parietal cell response to db-cAMP. However, other peptides capable of inhibiting gastric acid secretion in vivo, such as CCK, VIP, and PYY, were unable to induce any inhibition of the parietal cell response to db-cAMP or histamine in the isolated gastric gland preparation irrespective of the species studied.

Evaluation of propranolol for prevention of recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices between sclerotherapy sessions.

Forty-one patients admitted with first episode of bleeding from esophageal varices were enrolled in a trial of the efficacy of oral propranolol to prevent rebleeding during the course of endoscopic sclerotherapy until obliteration. Single-blind randomization to sclerotherapy alone or with propranolol was used. At monthly endoscopy the varices were injected with 1% Aethoxysclerol until obliteration.

Palliative endoscopic dilatation in carcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction.

The palliative effect of repeated endoscopic dilatation of malignant strictures of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction was prospectively evaluated in 41 patients. Dilatation was performed with Eder-Puestow technique in brief general anesthesia. Substantial improvement in swallowing ability was experienced after each treatment.