Determining the Reactivity of Selected Biomass Types Considering Their Application in Pyrometallurgical Processes of Metal Production.

In this paper, results of research on the reactivities of selected biomass types considering their application in pyrometallurgical processes of metal production are presented. Walnut shells, sunflower husk pellets and spent coffee grounds were selected as biomass materials. Their use as potential reducers in the process of metallurgical slag decopperisation is an innovative approach to this subject.

Application of Sunflower Husk Pellet as a Reducer in Metallurgical Processes.

In relation to the climate policy being introduced, the search for a replacement for solid fossil fuels with renewable raw materials is ongoing. In this study, a potential biomass (sunflower husk pellet) application in the process of copper slag reduction was assessed. For the purpose of raw material characterisation, thermogravimetric tests were carried out and characteristic temperature points were determined with the use of a high-temperature microscope.

Zinc Evaporation from Brass Scraps in the Atmosphere of Inert Gas.

A description of the process of metal evaporation from liquid alloys at an atmospheric pressure has a practical value for both the smelting and remelting of their scraps. The quantities of volatile components that are eliminated in these processes depend on many factors of which the type of melting device, the method and conditions of the process performance, the alloy composition and the kind of applied atmosphere are of the greatest importance. In this paper, the results of the research on zinc evaporation from brass scraps containing 10.

The Use of PCB Scrap in the Reduction in Metallurgical Copper Slags.

The article presents the results of a study on metallurgical sludge reduction using electronic waste such as Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). Two aspects were taken into account when selecting such a reducer, namely the environmental aspect and the technological aspect. The research was an attempt to use waste metal-bearing material of which the effective management causes many problems from an environmental point of view.

Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies.

Innovative technologies require the use of materials that meet increasingly high requirements; one such requirement is the purity of metals. In the case of copper, this translates into a parameter related to electrical conductivity. Traditional metal refining technologies have some limitations that can be eliminated through the use of modern melting aggregates.

Kinetics of Zinc Evaporation from Aluminium Alloys Melted Using VIM and ISM Technologies.

Using a vacuum during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with high vapour pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved by intensive mixing of the bath, as well as an enhanced mass exchange surface (liquid metal surface) due to the formation of a meniscus. This is due to the electromagnetic field applied to the liquid metal.