cds46, a highly variable carp edema virus gene.

Carp edema virus disease (CEVD) is a severe viral illness that causes substantial economic losses in wild and farmed common carp and koi. It is caused by carp edema virus (CEV), a member of the family whose genetic diversity and genome evolution are poorly understood. Based on a genomic fragment of the gene, two genogroups, genogroup I (gI) and genogroup II (gII), have been identified in samples of different origins.

Uneven genotypic diversity of in fecal sources limits the performance of a library-dependent method of microbial source tracking on the southwestern French Atlantic coast.

To develop a library-dependent method of tracking fecal sources of contamination of beaches on the Atlantic coast of southwestern France, a library of 6368 isolates was constructed from samples of feces, from 40 known human or animal sources collected in the vicinity of Arcachon Bay in 2010, and in French Basque Country, Landes, and Béarn, between 2017 and 2018. Different schemes of source identification were tested: use of the complete or filtered reference library; characterization of the isolates by genotypic or proteomic profiling based on ERIC-PCR or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, respectively; isolate by isolate assignment using either classifiers based on the Pearson similarity or SVM (support vector machine). With the exception of one source identification scheme, which was discarded since it used self-assignment, all tested schemes resulted in low rates of correct classification (<35%) and significant rates of incorrect classification (>15%).

Genetic identification of two Acipenser iridovirus-European variants using high-resolution melting analysis.

Acipenser iridovirus-European (AcIV-E) is an important pathogen of sturgeons. Two variants differing by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Major Capsid Protein gene have been described, but without any indication as to their prevalence in farms. To facilitate epidemiological studies, we developed a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to distinguish between two alleles (var1 and var2) differing by five point substitutions.

Acipenser iridovirus-European encodes a replication factor C (RFC) sub-unit.

New genomic sequence data were acquired for the Acipenser iridovirus-European (AcIV-E), a virus whose complete genome and classification still remain to be elucidated. Here, we obtained the first full-length Major capsid protein (MCP) gene sequence for AcIV-E, as well as two additional open reading frames (ORFs) adjacent to the MCP gene. BLAST searches of the first ORF (α) resulted in no match to any gene or protein in the public databases.

Molecular identification of iridoviruses infecting various sturgeon species in Europe.

Iridoviridae are known to cause disease in sturgeons in North America. Here, histological and molecular methods were used to screen for this family of virus in sturgeons from various European farms with low-to-high morbidity. Some histological samples revealed basophilic cells in the gill and labial epithelia, strongly suggesting the accumulation of iridovirus particles.

Stereoselective determination of verapamil and norverapamil by capillary electrophoresis.

An analytical method has been developed to determine simultaneously the verapamil and norverapamil enantiomers in human plasma using capillary electrophoresis. Among the cyclodextrins tested as chiral selector, only trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin was suitable to resolve the four enantiomers. The analysis was achieved in less than 10 min.

Comparative metabolism of SC-42867 and SC-51089, two PGE2 antagonists, in rat and human hepatocyte cultures.

1. The metabolism of SC-42867 and SC-51089, two PGE2 antagonists, was studied in cultured rat and human hepatocytes. Both compounds possess an 8-chlorodibenzoxazepine moiety, but differ from each other by the nature of the side chain connected to the nitrogen atom.

Irreversible binding to proteins after single and repeated daily oral administration of 4-(2,2-diphenylethyl) imidazole (SC-46264) to the Cynomolgus monkey.

SC-46264 is an antagonist of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Distribution and excretion of [14C]-SC-46264 were studied after single and repeated daily oral administrations to the Cynomolgus monkey at a 1.5 mg/kg dose.

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide and furosemide in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacodynamic effects and the pharmacokinetic parameters of torasemide (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) 20 mg and furosemide 40 mg were compared after oral and intravenous administration in 6 healthy volunteers. The plasma elimination half-life for i.v.

The quantification of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the cerebrospinal fluid by a radioreceptorassay.

The development of a radioreceptor assay designed to measure gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CSF is described. The method is based on the presence of high affinity and selective GABA binding sites obtained from rat brain membrane preparations treated with 0.05% Triton X-100.

Benzodiazepine receptors are involved in tabernanthine-induced tremor: in vitro and in vivo evidence.

Tabernanthine, an indol alkaloid, is structurally related to carbolines (harmane, harmaline) which, in vitro, displace specific flunitrazepam binding to brain benzodiazepine receptors. In vivo, both tabernanthine and carbolines cause a fine general tremor, suggesting that a possible interaction with benzodiazepine receptors could be involved in the activity of tabernanthine. This hypothesis was validated by the in vitro and in vivo antagonism of benzodiazepine by tabernanthine.

New automated high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cyclosporin A and G in human serum.

An automated isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of cyclosporin A and G in human serum. This method involves the use of an automated solid-liquid extraction procedure following rapid protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The use of a disposable C8 extraction cartridge allows a good recovery of cyclosporine (87%) from serum and a detection limit of 20 ng/ml with good reproducibility using 0.

Interaction of carbolines and some GABA receptor ligands with the GABA and the benzodiazepine receptors.

The binding of different drugs were investigated on benzodiazepines and GABA receptors using P2 fraction or 0.05% Triton X-100 treated membrane preparation (TX-100 P) obtained from rat's CNS. Bicuculline and picrotoxin have the ability to modulate the specific 3H-flunitrazepam binding to its receptor present in P2 fraction; this modulation decreases for bicuculline and disappears for picrotoxin when a TX-100 P was used.

Modulation of ligands binding to the benzodiazepine receptor by an endogenous inhibitor (GABA-modulin) and bicuculline.

We have prepared and purified an endogenous protein (brain neuropeptide) by extraction with 0.025 N acetic acid and precipitation with a saturated ammonium sulfate solution followed by column chromatography. This protein was isolated and partially purified (approx.

Selective affinity of one enantiomer of suriclone demonstrated by a binding assay with benzodiazepine receptors.

The binding of racemic 3H-suriclone on the BZD receptor was performed in special conditions in order to discriminate between the affinity of the two enantiomers: a rebinding method was used. In the first incubation 40% of 3H-suriclone was specifically bound to the BZD receptor. In the second incubation performed with the supernatant coming from the first incubation, less than 1% of the radiolabelled suriclone was specifically bound to the BZD receptor.

Classification of benzodiazepine receptor agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists using bicuculline in an in vitro test.

The mechanism by which a substance that binds to the benzodiazepine receptor acts as an agonist, an inverse agonist (e.g. methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM] or an antagonist (e.

Degradation of doxorubicin and daunorubicin in human and rabbit biological fluids.

The stability of doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNR) in rabbit and human plasma, bile and urine and in rabbit faeces was studied in the presence or absence of light, and at body, room and cold room temperatures. Fluorescence was determined by spectrofluorimetry after normal and reversed phase HPLC. Under each set of conditions, DOX and DNR fluorescence decreased with time; the decrease was more rapid with DOX.

Site of action of torasemide in man.

The effect of torasemide, a new orally and parenterally active diuretic agent, on the renal mechanisms of dilution and concentration was studied in 6 healthy volunteers. The experimental conditions included water and osmotic diuresis. Torasemide caused maximal chloruresis and natriuresis during the 20-40 min after administration.

Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicinol in the rabbit: comparison with daunorubicin.

The pharmacokinetics of daunorubicinol (DOL), the main metabolite of daunorubicin (DNR), was studied in rabbits and compared to that of daunorubicin after an 8 mg/kg dose. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate parent drug and metabolites. The plasma disappearance of DNR and DOL was triexponential.

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin plasmatic, hepatic and renal disposition in the rabbit with or without enterohepatic circulation.

The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and disposition of doxorubicin and daunorubicin were studied for periods up to 100 hr in rabbits with (group II) or without a biliary fistula (groups I and III) and with (group I) or without (groups II and III) ligatured ureters using high-performance liquid chromatography to separate parent drug and metabolites. The plasma decay of doxorubicin and daunorubicin was triexponential. Metabolites appearing in the plasma after doxorubicin and daunorubicin bolus i.