The effect of furosemide dose timing on bladder activity in oncology imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT.

Objective: To compare the effects of two furosemide administration protocols on bladder activity during 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Methods: A total of 109 consecutive patients with known or suspected malignancy, meeting our inclusion criteria, were chosen over a discrete time period. Group 1 (n=39) received furosemide 20 mg intravenous 15 min before PET/CT imaging (i.

Proton-pump inhibitor use is not associated with osteoporosis or accelerated bone mineral density loss.

Backgrounds & Aims: Recent studies have shown an association between proton-pump inhibitor use (PPI) and hip fracture. The mechanism by which PPI use promotes the development of hip fracture is uncharacterized. Therefore, we sought to determine whether PPI use is associated with osteoporosis or accelerated bone mineral density (BMD) loss.

Population-based Canadian hip fracture rates with international comparisons.

Summary: We identified hospitalizations throughout Canada during 2000-2005 in which the most responsible diagnosis was a proximal femoral fracture. Use of the US fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) would be inappropriate for Canada as it would overestimate fracture risk in Canadian women and older men.

Introduction: It is recommended that the WHO fracture risk assessment tool should be calibrated to the target population.

Prediction of body composition from spine and hip bone densitometry.

Body mass index (BMI) is used to assess overweight and obesity, but it does not account for the distribution or composition of excess weight. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for the assessment of osteoporosis. We hypothesized that measures of regional fat tissue composition from spine and hip DXA done for osteoporosis assessment could be used to estimate body composition more accurately than with BMI.

Trends in hip fracture rates in Canada.

Context: Hip fractures are a public health concern because they are associated with significant morbidity, excess mortality, and the majority of the costs directly attributable to osteoporosis.

Objective: To examine trends in hip fracture rates in Canada.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Ecologic trend study using nationwide hospitalization data for 1985 to 2005 from a database at the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Socioeconomic variations in the prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease: a population-based analysis.

Background: For many chronic conditions, lower socioeconomic status is associated with higher rates of disease. Previous research has not investigated whether this inverse relationship exists for Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and prevalence and incidence of PD.

Proton pump inhibitors, osteoporosis, and osteoporosis-related fractures.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications today with an excellent short-term safety profile. Recently, a number of studies from a variety of data sources have reported an association between PPI use and hip fractures. However, there is not yet any direct evidence of a causal link between PPI use and the development of hip fracture.

Imputation of 10-year osteoporotic fracture rates from hip fractures: a clinical validation study.

The World Health Organization (WHO) fracture risk assessment system (FRAX) allows for calibration from country-specific fracture data. The objective of this study was to evaluate the method for imputation of osteoporotic fracture rates from hip fractures alone. A total of 38,784 women aged 47.

Bone mineral densities in individuals with Gilbert's syndrome: a cross-sectional, case-control pilot study.

Background: Unconjugated bilirubin inhibits osteoblastic proliferative activity in vitro, raising the possibility that Gilbert's syndrome (GS) patients are at increased risk of osteoporosis.

Objectives: To compare bone mineral density (BMD), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-telopeptide (CTX) and osteocalcin levels in GS subjects versus matched controls in a cross-sectional, case-control study.

Methods: BMD determinations were obtained with central dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Getting beyond outcomes: a realist approach to help understand the impact of a nutritional intervention during smoking cessation.

Objectives: This paper discusses the benefits that a 'realist' approach can bring to an outcome study using the example of a nutritional intervention offered as an adjunct to the existing smoking cessation programmes to limit post-cessation weight gain.

Subjects And Setting: Participants of a smoking cessation programme in areas of deprivation in the north, south and west of Glasgow.

Results: A realist approach enabled the development of a framework able to investigate both implementation and outcomes of the intervention.

Simplified system for absolute fracture risk assessment: clinical validation in Canadian women.

Absolute 10-yr fracture risk based on multiple factors is the preferred method for risk assessment. A simplified risk assessment system from sex, age, DXA, and two clinical risk factors (CRFs)--prior fracture and systemic corticosteroid (CS) use--has been used in Canada since 2005. This study was undertaken to evaluate this system in the Canadian female population.

Measurement equivalence of osteoporosis-specific and general quality-of-life instruments in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women.

Purpose: To test the measurement equivalence (i.e., invariance) of osteoporosis-specific and general health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments in Canadian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women.

Treating osteoporosis in Canada: what clinical efficacy data should be considered by policy decision makers?

Unlabelled: SAUMMARY: Using a Markov state-transition model, we estimated fractures averted with risedronate using two different types of clinical efficacy data. Summary data, as opposed to individual patient data (IPD), underestimated the number of fractures averted when applied in a specified high risk population. The choice of clinical efficacy data is an important consideration in health economic models evaluating osteoporosis therapies.

Prediction of hip and other osteoporotic fractures from hip geometry in a large clinical cohort.

Summary: Incident hip fractures and non-hip osteoporotic fractures were studied in 30,953 women during mean 3.7 years of observation. Hip axis length (HAL) and strength index (SI) made a small but statistically significant contribution to hip fracture prediction that was independent of age and hip bone density.

Management of a patient with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Case report and review.

The definition and management of borderline resectability for periampullary pancreatic adenocarcinoma are evolving. In this case report, we discuss the presentation, workup, and therapeutic management of a 40-year-old man who presented with borderline resectable, periampullary pancreatic cancer and underwent a margin-negative resection following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Factors predicting osteoporosis treatment initiation in a regionally based cohort.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis treatment initiation was assessed during the year after baseline BMD testing in 8,689 previously untreated women. Treatment initiation increased progressively as BMD T-scores decreased, but there was a gradient response rather than step increases at conventional T-score intervention thresholds.

Introduction: Bone mineral density (BMD) testing is used to identify those at high fracture risk and guide osteoporosis treatment (OTx) initiation.

High bone mineral density is associated with high body mass index.

Summary: High BMD is an infrequent finding. In this retrospective cohort study of women 50 years and older, we documented a strong association between high BMD and high BMI.

Introduction: High bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with genetic disorders and a variety of dietary, endocrine, metabolic, infectious and neoplastic diseases that in many cases warrant medical attention.

Multiple imaging findings in SAPHO syndrome.

SAPHO syndrome is an acronym for a clinical entity characterized by synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome, even though not all components always coexist. We report a case of a 62-year-old female presenting with a lytic manubrial lesion.

10-year probability of recurrent fractures following wrist and other osteoporotic fractures in a large clinical cohort: an analysis from the Manitoba Bone Density Program.

Background: Wrist fractures are the most prevalent type of fracture occurring in postmenopausal women. We sought to contrast the probability of recurrent osteoporotic fractures after a primary wrist fracture with other important primary fracture sites.

Methods: A historical cohort study comprising 21,432 women 45 years or older referred for bone mineral density (BMD) testing.

Pediatric appendicitis rupture rate: disparities despite universal health care.

Background/purpose: Significant socioeconomic disparities have been observed in the rates of perforated appendicitis among children in private health care. We seek to explore if, in the Canadian system of public, universal health care access, pediatric appendicitis rupture rates are an indicator of health disparities.

Methods: Using the Population Health Research Data Repository housed at Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, a retrospective analysis over a 20-year period (1983-2003) examined all patients aged less than 18 years with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic and procedural codes for appendicitis (N = 7475).

Heteroscedastic regression analysis of factors affecting BMD monitoring.

Identifying factors affecting BMD precision and interindividual heterogeneity in BMD change can help optimize BMD monitoring. BMD change for the lumbar spine and total hip for short-term reproducibility (n = 328) and long-term clinical monitoring (n = 2720) populations were analyzed with heteroscedastic regression using linear prediction for mean (monitoring population only) and log-linear prediction for SD (both populations). For clinical monitoring, male sex, baseline body mass index (BMI), and systemic corticosteroid use were associated with greater SD of BMD change.

Tamoxifen use and osteoporotic fracture risk: a population-based analysis.

Purpose: Although tamoxifen has been shown to increase bone mineral density in clinical trials, it is less clear whether this significantly affects fracture rates. Even fewer data are available on skeletal outcomes when tamoxifen is used outside of the context of a clinical trial. A population-based case-control study was undertaken to determine whether tamoxifen use is associated with osteoporotic fractures in routine clinical practice.

Postfracture care for older women: gaps between optimal care and actual care.

Objective: To investigate rates of assessment and treatment of osteoporosis among older women during the year after they have had fractures.

Design: Observational, historical, population-based cohort study.

Setting: Manitoba, which maintains a comprehensive population-based repository of health care services provided and has a publicly funded health care system.