Clinical predictors and significance of postvoid residual volume in women with diabetes.

Aims: To identify women with diabetes at risk of increased postvoid residual volume (PVR) and investigate the relationship of increased PVR to urinary symptoms in women with diabetes.

Methods: PVR was measured by bladder ultrasonography in a cross-sectional cohort of 427 middle-aged and older women with diabetes. Participants completed questionnaires assessing urgency incontinence, stress incontinence, daytime frequency, nocturia, obstructive voiding, and diabetes-related end-organ complications: heart disease, stroke, neuropathy.