Neonatal abstinence syndrome: Effectiveness of targeted umbilical cord drug screening.

Objective: This study sought to determine if targeted drug screening of newborns was effective in identifying a positive drug test result.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 340 infants met criteria for drug screening.

Presence of type 2 diabetes risk factors in children.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of type 2 diabetes risk factors among elementary school-age children and determine eligibility for type 2 diabetes screening. A cross-sectional review of 971 school-based health clinic medical records of children in grades 1 through 5 was conducted. Relationships of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined to determine the prevalence of these risk factors in elementary school-age children.

Developmental mastery of diabetes-related tasks in children.

The goal of managing diabetes in childhood is to assist the child in becoming a physically healthy and emotionally mature adult, free from complications associated with diabetes. Gradual achievement of self-care independence occurs as developmental changes evolve during childhood. Inappropriate expectations related to self-care competence may lead to impaired diabetes control.

Reliability and validity of the acanthosis nigricans screening tool for use in elementary school-age children by school nurses.

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of an acanthosis nigricans (AN) screening tool for use in elementary school-age children of different ethnic groups. Cross-sectional data were collected via observation of 288, 5- to 12-year-old school-age children. Three nurse clinicians used a 0-4 grade AN screening tool to rate each child's level of AN independently.

Insulin resistance syndrome in children.

Insulin resistance, a metabolic dysfunction in glucose metabolism, is associated with numerous physical health findings that have serious health consequences such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. The clustering of these diseases is termed insulin resistance syndrome, previously described as a metabolic condition exclusive to adults. Studies now indicate many of the components associated with insulin resistance syndrome are present in children and adolescents.

Diabetes update: promoting effective disease management.

Diabetes is common, serious, costly, and controllable. Current scientific evidence indicates much of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes can be eliminated through prevention, early detection, improved delivery of care, and better education for diabetes self management. Unfortunately, a wide gap still exists between current and desired diabetes care and practices.