Publications by authors named "Leslie Edward Simon Lewis"
Background: Prediction modelling can greatly assist the health-care professionals in the management of diseases, thus sparking interest in neonatal sepsis diagnosis. The main objective of the study was to provide a complete picture of performance of prediction models for early detection of neonatal sepsis.
Methods: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL databases were searched and articles which used various prediction modelling measures for the early detection of neonatal sepsis were comprehended.
Article Synopsis
- Neonatal sepsis in India is notably high, and understanding its risk factors can help improve prevention and treatment strategies.
- A systematic review was conducted, analyzing studies from various databases to identify risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis, leading to the inclusion of fifteen relevant studies.
- Key risk factors identified include male sex, outborn neonates, need for artificial ventilation, gestational age under 37 weeks, and premature rupture of membranes, though the studies faced limitations in quality and consistency.
Neonates who are critically ill are cared for in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for continuous monitoring of their conditions. Physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory wave form, blood oxygen saturation, and body temperature are constantly monitored in the NICU. However, NICUs are not always equipped with a computer system for analyzing such data, identifying critical events, and providing decision support for a neonatologist.
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- This study evaluates the heart effects of caffeine vs. aminophylline in preterm neonates with a focus on how each substance impacts blood flow and heart function.
- Both medications showed similar overall results, but significant differences were noted in heart rates, with aminophylline increasing heart rates more than caffeine.
- While both treatments improved certain heart metrics like volume, caffeine had specific effects on smaller-for-gestational-age infants, leading to different cardiac responses compared to aminophylline.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of caffeine versus aminophylline in treating apnea of prematurity in preterm neonates at a hospital in Southern India.
- - A total of 240 infants were involved in a randomized controlled trial, with one group receiving caffeine and the other aminophylline, evaluating their effects on apnea spells and associated health issues over a treatment period.
- - Results showed that aminophylline led to fewer apnea episodes in the first week, but both treatments had similar outcomes regarding apnea rates and hospital stays; however, caffeine was linked to a lower risk of tachycardia in treated infants.