Evaluation of Alcohol Markers in Urine and Oral Fluid after Regular and Hard Kombucha Consumption.

Although kombucha is a popular fermented beverage, the presence of alcohol markers has not been well studied despite being potential indicators of unintentional impairment. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) were measured in oral fluid and urine collected after consumption of regular or hard kombucha. Participants drank within 20 min and provided all urine voids for 12 h, the first urine voids on days 2 and 3 and oral fluid specimens at fixed time points for 48 h.

Diazepam autoinjector intramuscular delivery system versus diazepam rectal gel: A pharmacokinetic comparison.

Rectal administration of diazepam (DZ) has been used effectively in patients with epilepsy who experience acute repetitive seizures, but rectal gel may be difficult to administer during a seizure and is subject to variable drug absorption. An intramuscular (IM) autoinjector DZ formulation may offer a practical alternative to rectal DZ. This single-center, open-label, 3-treatment, 3-period crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of 10mg DZ administered rectally in 24 healthy, fasted and fed subjects versus IM autoinjector delivery in fasted subjects.

Direct analysis of opiates in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A method for the direct analysis of 10 opiate compounds in urine was developed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with electrospray ionization interface (ESI). Opiates included were morphine-3-P-glucuronide, morphine-6--glucuronide, morphine, oxymorphone, hydromorphone, norcodeine, codeine, oxycodone, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6MAM), and hydrocodone. Urine samples were prepared by centrifugation to remove large particles and direct injection into the LC-MS-MS.

Determination of aflatoxin B1 in sidestream cigarette smoke by immunoaffinity column extraction coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Aflatoxins produced by food-borne molds are known carcinogenic toxins. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is reported as the most toxic of this class of mycotoxins. We have coupled immunoaffinity column extraction with LC/MS to produce a sensitive and selective approach for the study of AFB1.