Publications by authors named "Leslie A Will"

Children exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs may have a typical facies characterized by midfacial retrusion, a short nose, and anteverted nares. Our aim was to determine whether the shape of the maxilla was altered in its sagittal displacement, or whether the defect in the underlying articulation with the cranial base was responsible for the appearance of midface retrusion. Our hypothesis was that the sphenoid bone as well as the maxilla and other bones in the cranial base were affected by the anticonvulsant medication.

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Introduction: This study aimed to discover the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the mandibular development of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Material And Methods: The sample, taken from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study, included 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male, 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male, 23 female). At the ages of 12 and 17, lateral cephalograms were collected and traced to assess total mandibular length, mandibular ramus length, mandibular corpus length, gonial angle, SNB, and bony chin prominence.

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Some children exposed at conception to the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), and carbamazepine (CBZ) have changes in their midface and fingers. It has been suggested that the anticonvulsant-exposed child with these subtle changes in facial features (the "anticonvulsant face") has a greater likelihood of having deficits in IQ in comparison with children exposed to the same anticonvulsants who do not have these features. 115 AED-exposed children (40, PHT; 34, PB; and 41, CBZ) between 6.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term volumetric changes of the upper airway compartments in response to counterclockwise bimaxillary advancement surgery with multi-piece maxillary osteotomy, and to analyse the relationship between the postoperative stability of the maxillomandibular skeletal complex, and the volumetric airway changes over-time.

Methodology: Twenty-seven sets of pre (T0), post (T1) and follow-up (T2) (20.15 months) CBCT scans were used.

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Background/objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of palatally displaced canines on maxillary dimensions and arch shape.

Methods: Occlusal and skeletal landmarks were plotted on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 156 orthodontic patients: 78 with palatally displaced canines (PDC) (27 left, 28 right, and 23 bilateral) and 78 controls using Mimics™ (Materialise, Belgium). Arch forms were created, and arch width, depth, and skeletal dimensions were measured.

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Objective: To determine whether multiple siblings resemble one another in their craniofacial characteristics as measured on cephalometric radiographs.

Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively using the Forsyth Moorrees twin sample. A total of 32 families were included, each with ≥4 postpubertal siblings, totaling 142 subjects.

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Introduction: This study aimed to assess growth-related dental and symmetry changes in the dental arch within and between identical and fraternal twins in mixed and permanent dentition.

Methods: Three-dimensional scanned dental models of eligible subjects were selected from the Forsyth-Moorrees Twin Study sample. This retrospective cohort study was carried out on 36 identical (18 pairs) and 28 fraternal (14 pairs) twins in mixed dentition and 36 identical (18 pairs) and 38 fraternal (19 pairs) twins in permanent dentition stages on the basis of the availability of the dental casts scanned each year from each group (Table I).

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Aim: The aim of this international survey was to assess knowledge concerning the design, conduct, critical appraisal and synthesis of clinical studies among senior orthodontic postgraduate residents.

Materials And Methods: Senior postgraduate residents from four universities in Europe and the United States were invited to complete a custom questionnaire. The overall correct answer score and proportion of residents correctly answering each of the 10 questions within the survey were analysed with descriptive statistics, analysis-of-variance, chi-squares test and linear regression at 5%.

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Objective: The purpose of this investigation of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins was to identify the genetic and environmental components to the facial soft tissue growth.

Settings And Sample Population: The sample consisted of 52 untreated monozygotic twins (36 male and 16 female) and 46 untreated dizygotic twins (23 male and 23 female) from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study (1959-1975).

Materials And Methods: Lateral cephalograms were taken at 12 and 17 years of age and traced to analyse facial convexity, nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip thickness, upper and lower lip profile and nose prominence.

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Introduction: The midface and nasal bones have a significant influence on facial esthetics. Being able to predict the ultimate size of a growing patient's nose may influence the orthodontic treatment plan. Our study aimed to determine whether significant heritability exists between parents and children using multiple soft and hard tissue measurements of nasal dimensions.

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Introduction: The objectives of this study were to assess the changes in right vs left nasal cavity volumes and minimum cross-sectional width, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal volumes of the upper airway in response to rapid maxillary expansion (RME).

Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans of 28 patients with a mean age of 9.86 ± 2.

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Objectives: To evaluate the three-dimensional changes following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) of the nasal cavity (NC) and pharyngeal airway (PA) in growing patients, using innovative and validated evaluation methods and to investigate whether a correlation between skeletal expansion and increase in airway volume exists.

Settings And Sample Population: Records of patients who had cone beam computed tomography taken before and after orthodontic treatment with or without RME were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups: (a) RME, 39 patients (mean age 10.40 ± 1.

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Background: Vitamin D is critical for bone physiology. In this study, we quantified Vitamin D Binding Protein (VitDBP) levels in saliva as a measure of Vitamin D during orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, saliva samples were collected from 73 orthodontic patients for 4 timepoints for the first six months of orthodontic treatment, along with dental casts at the beginning and the end of the study period.

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Objectives: To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyze the sella-nasion-nasal line angle (SN-NL), nasal line-mandibular line angle (ML-NL), sella-nasion-mandibular line angle (SN-ML), sella-nasion-sella-gnathion angle (Y-axis), posterior face height/anterior face height (PFH/AFH), and lower anterior face height/anterior face height (LAFH/AFH).

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Purpose: To assess the knowledge of postgraduate dental students about evidence-based methodology pertaining to the design, conduct, and critical appraisal of clinical trials.

Materials And Methods: Senior postgraduate students were surveyed from the dental schools of three universities in Athens (Greece), Boston (USA), and Zürich (Switzerland). The proportion of students correctly answering each of the 10 questions of the survey, as well as the cumulative scores, were analysed statistically with descriptive statistics and logistic/linear regression analysis at α = 5%.

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Objective: The aims of this longitudinal analysis of untreated monozygotic and dizygotic twins were to investigate vertical changes of the craniofacial structures during growth, to determine the concordance between genetically twins and to assess the genetic component for the various aspects of vertical growth.

Settings And Sample Population: The sample consisted of 34 pairs of untreated monozygotic twins (23 male, 11 female) and 30 untreated dizygotic siblings of multiple birth (8 male, 8 female and 14 mixed) from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study (1959-1975); lateral cephalograms taken from 6 to 18 years of age were analysed at 3-year intervals.

Materials And Methods: Cephalograms were traced, and longitudinal changes between twins in six angular and proportional vertical cephalometric variables (SN-NL, ML-NL, SN-ML, y-axis, PFH/AFH and LAFH/AFH) were analysed with intraclass correlation coefficients and linear regression modelling.

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Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between incisor irregularity and anterior coronal caries by means of an arch-specific analysis among the U.S. population in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) 1988-1994.

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Introduction: The aims of this longitudinal analysis of untreated monozygotic twins were to investigate the change of the facial soft tissues during growth, to determine the concordance of soft tissue growth patterns between genetically identical twins, and to assess the genetic component of soft tissue development.

Methods: The sample consisted of 33 pairs of untreated monozygotic twins (23 male, 10 female) from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study (1959-1975); lateral cephalograms taken from 6 to 18 years of age were analyzed at 3-year intervals. Cephalograms were traced, and longitudinal changes in the soft tissue profile between twins were analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficients and linear regression modelling.

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Introduction: Our objective was to examine the Teen Oral Health-related Quality of Life (TOQOL) questionnaire for use in adults receiving orthodontic treatment and assess validity and reliability by age group.

Methods: Teenagers from 10 to 18 years and adults 18 and over completed surveys at the orthodontic clinic at Boston University. The survey consisted of sociodemographic information, dental behavior questions, and the TOQOL instrument.

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Introduction: Buccolingual inclinations of the maxillary permanent molars and intermolar widths increase with growth for Class I subjects. Changes for untreated Class II subjects have not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that changes in palatal inclination of the maxillary molars and intermolar width throughout growth vary between Class I and Class II molar occlusions.

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The history of orthodontic education in the United States spans more than 100 years. A number of exhortations have been repeated over the years by some of the best minds in orthodontics. First, our standards of excellence must be maintained.

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Stability and Retention.

Front Oral Biol

March 2016

Stability of tooth position in the broader sense considers all the forces that may act on the tooth. Reitan reported that significant forces remained in the periodontium after tooth movement, and he carried out research that demonstrated residual stretching of the crestal periodontal fibers more than 7 months after tooth movement. Brain demonstrated that severing the fibers reduced the relapse in tooth position in dogs.

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The earliest report on orthodontic tooth movement in the English literature was published in 1911. Oppenheim carried out studies on baboons to determine what histologic changes occurred during tooth movement. Reitan and many others carried out research into the nature of tooth movement.

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Leslie A Will"

  • - Leslie A Will's recent research focuses on the impact of genetic and environmental factors on craniofacial development, particularly in children prenatally exposed to anticonvulsant medications and among twins, exploring anatomical variations and their implications for orthodontic treatments.
  • - Findings reveal that prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs is associated with distinctive facial dysmorphology and potential deficits in cognitive function, indicating a critical intersection between medication exposure and craniofacial shape alterations.
  • - Additionally, studies on identical and fraternal twins highlight the heritability of various craniofacial characteristics and the impacts of dental arch dimensions, emphasizing the importance of genetic factors in orthodontic outcomes and growth patterns.