Comparison of cardiovascular risk calculation tools in pharmacy practice.

Objective: To examine the use of various cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation calculators in pharmacy practice.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Midwestern university worksite from August 2008 through May 2012.

Influence of polymeric excipient properties on crystal hydrate formation kinetics of caffeine in aqueous slurries.

The influence of polymeric excipients on the hydrate transformation of caffeine (CAF) was studied. Anhydrous CAF was added to aqueous solutions containing different additives and the transformation to the hydrate form was monitored using in-line Raman spectroscopy. Various properties of two known inhibitors of CAF hydrate formation, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were investigated.