Dataset of plant composition change over seven years at the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve, Oregon, USA.

The data and analyses presented here were collected at the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve (ZPP), northeastern Oregon. Vegetation composition was measured within 124 (1-ha) plots using the line point intercept method [1,2]. These data include vascular plant species abundance matrices at two different time periods, seven years apart (2008/2009 & 2015/2016); boxplots of species abundance (cover and frequency) change over time; Non-parametric Multiplicative Regression (NPMR) estimated abundance of , an invading non-native annual grass, in geographic and ordination (Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination; NMS) space over time.

Vegetation change over seven years in the largest protected Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie remnant.

Temperate grasslands are one of the most altered ecosystems on Earth. Consequently, conservation of important characteristics of such ecosystems (e.g.

Tumour lymphocytic infiltrate and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation.

Background/aims: Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for highly selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but tumour recurrence remains an important cause of mortality. There are few data on the relation between the recurrence of HCC and lymphocytic infiltration following liver transplantation.

Methods: The tumour CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ and Foxp3+ lymphocyte infiltrate was assessed by immunohistochemistry in explant tissue of 69 patients who underwent liver transplantation for HCC between 1985 and 2001.

Immunohistochemical estimation of cell cycle entry and phase distribution in astrocytomas: applications in diagnostic neuropathology.

An immunohistochemical method for assessing cell cycle phase distribution in neurosurgical biopsies would enable such data to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms for the estimation of prognosis and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in glial neoplasms, without the requirement for flow cytometric analysis. Paraffin-embedded sections of intracerebral gliomas (n = 48), consisting of diffuse astrocytoma (n = 9), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 8) and glioblastoma (n = 31), were analysed by immunohistochemistry using markers of cell cycle entry, Mcm-2 and Ki67, and putative markers of cell cycle phase, cyclins D1 (G1-phase), cyclin A (S-phase), cyclin B1 (G2-phase) and phosphohistone H3 (Mitosis). Double labelling confocal microscopy confirmed that the phase markers were infrequently coexpressed.

Compromised lymphocytes infiltrate hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of T-regulatory cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. We propose that local immune responses in patients with HCC are held in check by tumor-infiltrating CD4(+)CD25(+) T-regulatory lymphocytes (T(reg) cells), which suppress the activity and proliferation of effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. The phenotype and cell cycle status of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HCC were analyzed via immunohistochemistry of sections from patients undergoing surgery for HCC and via flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and TILs isolated from patients with HCC.

Hepatocyte expression of minichromosome maintenance protein-2 predicts fibrosis progression after transplantation for chronic hepatitis C virus: a pilot study.

Although graft infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in virtually all patients transplanted for HCV-related liver disease, the outcome ranges from minimal disease to the rapid development of cirrhosis. Induction of hepatocyte cell cycle entry followed by inhibition of cell cycle progression has been proposed as a potential mechanism whereby HCV may cause hepatocyte dysfunction and may promote fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess whether early hepatocyte cell cycle entry might predict subsequent fibrosis progression in patients with graft HCV infection after liver transplantation.

Relation between hepatocyte G1 arrest, impaired hepatic regeneration, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Backgrounds & Aims: An increased risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis is associated with hepatic steatosis, older age, and high alcohol consumption, which could be explained by synergistic effects on cell proliferation. We aimed to investigate hepatocyte cell cycle state and phase distribution in chronic HCV infection.

Methods: Liver biopsy specimens diagnostic for chronic HCV (70), liver regeneration following transplant-related ischemic-reperfusion injury (15), and "normal" liver adjacent to colorectal cancer metastasis (10) were studied.

Minichromosome maintenance protein in myxofibrosarcoma.

Histopathological assessment of myxofibrosarcoma may be difficult, especially on the basis of a small core biopsy, which enables only a crude evaluation of grade and prognosis. We have tested the hypothesis that determination of cell cycle state may assist in the diagnostic assessment of myxofibrosarcoma. We have studied 51 cases of high-grade (n=20), intermediate-grade (n=21), and low-grade (n=10) myxofibrosarcomas, as well as nine cases of benign myxoma.

Minichromosome maintenance protein 2 is a strong independent prognostic marker in breast cancer.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that prognostic information in breast cancer may be derived from an accurate assessment of epithelial cell cycle entry, as indicated by expression of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins.

Materials And Methods: We used immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution of Mcm-2 in breast tissue. Power calculations based on a pilot study of 67 whole tissue sections led to selection of an independent 347-core breast carcinoma tissue microarray validation set.

A novel immunohistochemical method to estimate cell-cycle phase distribution in archival tissue: implications for the prediction of outcome in colorectal cancer.

An immunohistochemical method for assessing cell-cycle phase distribution in colorectal resection specimens would enable phase data to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms for the estimation of prognosis and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. In contrast to flow cytometry, an immunohistochemical method would also allow the phase distribution to be examined within morphologically heterogeneous regions of neoplasms. Paraffin sections of normal colon (n = 25), colonic adenoma (n = 15), and colonic adenocarcinoma (n = 30) were analysed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against markers of cell-cycle entry, Mcm-2 and Ki67, and putative markers of the cell-cycle phase, cyclins D1 and E (putative markers of G1 phase), cyclin A (S phase), cytoplasmic cyclin B1 (G2 phase), and phosphohistone H3 (M phase).

Organization of human papillomavirus productive cycle during neoplastic progression provides a basis for selection of diagnostic markers.

The productive cycle of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can be divided into discrete phases. Cell proliferation and episomal maintenance in the lower epithelial layers are followed by genome amplification and the expression of capsid proteins. These events, which occur in all productive infections, can be distinguished by using antibodies to viral gene products or to surrogate markers of their expression.

Myxofibrosarcomas contain large numbers of infiltrating immature dendritic cells.

Myxofibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor with distinctive histologic features and is believed to be derived from fibroblasts. The function of infiltrating myeloid cells in myxofibrosarcoma is poorly understood. It previously has been shown that a combination of dendritic morphologic features and expression of the C-type lectin, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), is useful for identifying DC populations in tissue sections.

Expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-binding lectin DC-SIGNR: Consequences for HIV infection and immunity.

DC-SIGNR is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-binding C-type lectin that is expressed on endothelium in the hepatic sinusoids, lymph node sinuses and placenta. Like closely related DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR can bind both ICAM-3 and HIV and can potentiate HIV infection of T lymphocytes in trans. In the present study we have investigated reasons underlying the restricted distribution of DC-SIGNR and have examined DC-SIGNR expression in relation to HIV entry receptors.

Analysis of minichromosome maintenance proteins as a novel method for detection of colorectal cancer in stool.

Colorectal cancer is a common disease, and more reliable screening methods are needed for early detection. We aim to develop a non-invasive, stool-based assay that can identify colorectal cancer by detection of minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) expression in colonocytes retrieved from the faecal surface. We devised a cell line model to investigate methods and conditions for optimum colonocyte retrieval.

Constitutive and induced expression of DC-SIGN on dendritic cell and macrophage subpopulations in situ and in vitro.

DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin, highly expressed on the surface of immature dendritic cells (DCs), that mediates efficient infection of T cells in trans by its ability to bind HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV. In addition, the ability of DC-SIGN to bind adhesion molecules on surfaces of naïve T cells and endothelium also suggests its involvement in T-cell activation and DC trafficking. To gain further insights into the range of expression and potential functions of DC-SIGN, we performed a detailed analysis of DC-SIGN expression in adult and fetal tissues and also analyzed its regulated expression on cultured DCs and macrophages.