Towards Standardisation of a Diffuse Midline Glioma Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model Based on Suspension Matrices for Preclinical Research.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is an aggressive brain tumour with high mortality and limited clinical therapeutic options. Although in vitro research has shown the effectiveness of medication, successful translation to the clinic remains elusive. A literature search highlighted the high variability and lack of standardisation in protocols applied for establishing the commonly used HSJD-DIPG-007 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, based on animal host, injection location, number of cells inoculated, volume, and suspension matrices.

Re-purposing the pro-senescence properties of doxorubicin to introduce immunotherapy in breast cancer brain metastasis.

An increasing number of breast cancer patients develop brain metastases (BM). Standard-of-care treatments are largely inefficient, and breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) patients are considered untreatable. Immunotherapies are not successfully employed in BCBM, in part because breast cancer is a "cold" tumor and also because the brain tissue has a unique immune landscape.