Body composition in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed in childhood and adolescence: A focus on sarcopenic obesity.

Background: The late effects of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) include disordered body composition, especially obesity. Less attention has been focused on the loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and the combined morbidity of sarcopenic obesity.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of body composition was undertaken via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 75 long-term survivors of ALL (more than 10 years after the diagnosis).

Anthropometry in Long-Term Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood and Adolescence.

Purpose: Body mass index (BMI) is an inadequate measure of nutritional status in children and adolescents with cancer as it does not distinguish muscle from adipose tissue. However, arm anthropometry offers simple assessments of fat mass and lean body mass; especially valuable in low- and middle-income countries where the great majority of young people with cancer live and access to sophisticated expensive measures of body composition is markedly limited.

Methods: The nutritional status of 75 long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was assessed by arm anthropometry, in addition to BMI, in a cross-sectional cohort study.

Whole-body bone mineral content, lean body mass, and fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a population of normal Canadian children and adolescents.

Measurements of body composition have evident value in evaluating growing children and adolescents, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a tool that provides accurate measurements of whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC), lean body mass (LBM), and fat mass (FM). To interpret such measurements in the context of ill health, normative values must be available. Such information could be expected to be regionally specific because of differences in ethnic, dietary, and physical activity determinants.

Age-predicted values for lumbar spine, proximal femur, and whole-body bone mineral density: results from a population of normal children aged 3 to 18 years.

We measured areal bone mineral density (BMD) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine and the proximal femur and for the total body in 179 subjects (91 girls and 88 boys) with no known disorders that might affect calcium metabolism. Results are also reported for lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC) and for the derived variable, bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). Expected-for-age values for each variable were derived for boys and girls by using an expression that represented the sum of a steady increase due to growth plus a rapid increase associated with puberty.

Effect of diagnostic radioisotopes and radiographic contrast media on measurements of lumbar spine bone mineral density and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Since there is almost no information on whether the concomitant use of diagnostic radioisotopes and radiographic contrast media interferes with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), we investigated these potentially confounding effects. At routine scheduled radiographic follow-up, 40 patients previously treated for malignant lymphomas or solid tumors in Hamilton and Ottawa, Canada were evaluated, 10 in each of the following 4 categories of diagnostic procedure: (1) computed tomography (CT) with intravenous, iodine-based contrast (+/-oral contrast), (2) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium-based contrast, (3) gallium scan (GS), and (4) technetium bone scan (TBS). Whole body bone mineral content (WB-BMC) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD), total fat mass (TFM), and lean body mass (LBM) were measured by DXA immediately before and after the other radiological studies (on the same day) and then 7 days later.

Osteopenia, physical activity and health-related quality of life in survivors of brain tumors treated in childhood.

Background: Osteopenia has been reported in children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors, apparently as a consequence of therapy. It has been suggested that cranial irradiation may play a role in the development of this complication. In order to explore that possibility, we examined survivors of brain tumors treated with and without radiation in childhood to investigate associations between radiation, osteopenia, physical activity, health status and overall health-related quality of life (HRQL).