Multi-harmonic near-infrared-ultraviolet dual-comb spectrometer.

Dual-comb spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible would enable broad bandwidth electronic spectroscopy with unprecedented frequency resolution. However, there are significant challenges in generation, detection, and processing of dual-comb data that have restricted its progress in this spectral region. In this work, we leverage robust 1550 nm few-cycle pulses to generate frequency combs in the UV-visible.

Broadband 1-GHz mid-infrared frequency comb.

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometers are invaluable tools for molecular fingerprinting and hyper-spectral imaging. Among the available spectroscopic approaches, GHz MIR dual-comb absorption spectrometers have the potential to simultaneously combine the high-speed, high spectral resolution, and broad optical bandwidth needed to accurately study complex, transient events in chemistry, combustion, and microscopy. However, such a spectrometer has not yet been demonstrated due to the lack of GHz MIR frequency combs with broad and full spectral coverage.

Recurrent Neck Mass: A Case Report.

Fourth branchial cleft anomalies are an exceptionally rare cause of recurrent neck mass in pediatric and adult patients. In this report, we present a case of an infected fourth branchial cleft cyst in a 20-year-old woman that presented with recurrent throat pain and deep neck abscesses. After undergoing repeated incision and drainage procedures, the patient underwent definitive management with direct laryngoscopy, ablation of the left pyriform sinus tract, left hemithyroidectomy, and excision of the branchial anomaly without evidence of recurrence.

History and current trends in the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder.

Objective: Historical and current view on the therapy of overactive bladder.

Methods: This review summarizes the historical approach and current therapy of overactive bladder. The articles were gathered from Pubmed and Scopus databases.

The impact of EAES Fellowship Programme: a five-year review and evaluation.

Background: The European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) fellowship programme was established in 2014, allowing nine surgeons annually to obtain experience and skills in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) from specialist centres across the Europe and United States. It aligns with the strategic focus of EAES Education and Training Committee on enabling Learning Mobility opportunities. To assess the impact of the programme, a survey was conducted aiming to evaluate the experience and impact of the programme and receive feedback for improvements.

Cervical Gardnerella vaginalis in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.

Objective: To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) and the cervical prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis DNA in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM).

Method: In total, 405 women with singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM were included. Cervical fluid and amniotic fluid samples were collected at the time of admission.

Amniotic fluid glucose level in PPROM pregnancies: a glance at the old friend.

Introduction: To determine the amniotic fluid glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) based on the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and/or intra-amniotic inflammation.

Methods Of Study: A total of 142 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM between gestational ages 24 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks were included. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of admission.

All-fiber frequency comb at 2 µm providing 1.4-cycle pulses.

We report an all-fiber approach to generating sub-2-cycle pulses at 2 µm and a corresponding octave-spanning optical frequency comb. Our configuration leverages mature erbium:fiber laser technology at 1.5 µm to provide a seed pulse for a thulium-doped fiber amplifier that outputs 330 mW average power at a 100 MHz repetition rate.

Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Community Participation following Stroke. Part Two: Transitions and Community Participation Following Stroke.

The sixth update of the is a comprehensive set of evidence-based guidelines addressing issues faced by people following an acute stroke event. Establishing a coordinated and seamless system of care that supports progress achieved during the initial recovery stages throughout the transition to the community is more essential than ever as the medical complexity of people with stroke is also on the rise. All members of the health-care team engaged with people with stroke, their families, and caregivers are responsible for partnerships and collaborations to ensure successful transitions and return to the community following stroke.

Fully phase-stabilized 1 GHz turnkey frequency comb at 1.56 μm.

Low noise and high repetition rate optical frequency combs are desirable for many applications, from timekeeping to precision spectroscopy. For example, gigahertz repetition rate sources greatly increase the acquisition speed of spectra in a dual-comb modality when compared to lower repetition rate sources, while still maintaining sufficient instantaneous resolution to resolve ro-vibrational signatures from molecules in a variety of conditions. In this paper, we present the stabilization and characterization of a turnkey commercial 1 GHz mode-locked laser that operates at telecom wavelengths (1.

Effects of Coadsorbed Water on the Heterogeneous Photochemistry of Nitrates Adsorbed on TiO.

Nitric acid, a well-known sink of NO gases in the atmosphere, has been found to be photoactive while adsorbed on tropospheric particles. When adsorbed onto semiconductive metal oxides, nitrate's photochemical degradation can be interpreted as a photocatalytic process. Yet, the photolysis of nitrate ions on the surface of aerosols can also be initiated by changes in the symmetry of the ion upon adsorption.

High-resolution sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy of atmospherically relevant Criegee precursor CHI radicals: CH stretch vibrations and "charge-sloshing" dynamics.

The combination of a pulsed supersonic slit-discharge source and single-mode difference frequency direct absorption infrared spectroscopy permit first high resolution infrared study of the iodomethyl (CHI) radical, with the CHI radical species generated in a slit jet Ne/He discharge and cooled to 16 K in the supersonic expansion. Dual laser beam detection and collisional collimation in the slit expansion yield sub-Doppler linewidths (60 MHz), an absolute frequency calibration of 13 MHz, and absorbance sensitivities within a factor of two of the shot-noise limit. Fully rovibrationally resolved direct absorption spectra of the CH symmetric stretch mode (ν) are obtained and fitted to a Watson asymmetric top Hamiltonian with electron spin-rotation coupling, providing precision rotational constants and spin-rotation tensor elements for the vibrationally excited state.

Economic Impact of Frozen Section for Thyroid Nodules with "Suspicious for Malignancy" Cytology.

Objective To perform a cost analysis of the routine use of intraoperative frozen section (iFS) among patients undergoing a thyroid lobectomy with "suspicious for malignancy" (SUSP) cytology in the context of the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines. Study Design Case series with chart review; cost minimization analysis. Setting Academic.

The futility of intraoperative frozen section in the evaluation of follicular thyroid lesions.

Objective: Investigate the utility of intraoperative frozen section (iFS) in patients with follicular thyroid lesions following publication of the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Patient demographics, preoperative cytology, frozen pathology, and final pathology were reviewed on patients undergoing thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital in which iFS was utilized over a 5-year period.

[Contemporary technicqes in diagnostic patients with vaginal microbiota].

Objective: Review of literature dealing with the specificity of the vagina from the standpoint of microbial colonization.

Design: Literature review.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Charles University Prague.

Declining Otolaryngology Resident Training Experience in Tracheostomies: Case Log Trends from 2005 to 2015.

Objective To evaluate recent tracheostomy surgical experience among otolaryngology residents and general surgery residents. Study Design Retrospective database review. Setting Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education otolaryngology and general surgery programs.

Comparison of two long-term gestagen regimens in the management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: A pilot study.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a hormonal-dependent infection but in contrast to sporadic VVC, therapy of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is still unsolved. Long-term administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate was evaluated for the management of RVVC. Overall, 20 patients were treated with Depo-Provera; 14 patients were treated with Provera.

Necrotic fasciitis of the lateral muscle group of the thigh following outside-in transobturatory tape procedure.

Objective: Sling procedures are the preferred surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) due to their high success rate and low risk of complications.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Charles University and Faculty Hospital Hradec Kralove.

Photochemistry of nitrate chemisorbed on various metal oxide surfaces.

Atmospheric aerosols are known to provide an important surface for gas-solid interfaces that can lead to heterogeneous reactions impacting tropospheric chemistry. In this work, α-Fe2O3, TiO2, γ-Al2O3, SiO2 and ZnO, common components of atmospheric aerosols, served as models to investigate the gas-solid interface of nitric acid with aerosols in the presence of simulated solar radiation. Adsorbed nitrate and gaseous products can be continuously monitored with infrared spectroscopy (IR).

Serum cholesterol is a significant and independent mortality predictor in liver cirrhosis patients.

Background And Aim: Accurate assessment of cirrhotic patient's prognosis is essential for decisions regarding the course of treatment. Therefore we aimed to confirm and quantify the predictive value of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides in liver cirrhosis patients.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study on consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 191).

Immunohistochemical study of jejunal graft mucosa cell populations during the initial adaptation phase in the host body in rats.

The character of the changes in cell populations within the jejunal graft mucosa during the initial adaptation phase in the host body was investigated. 24 adult male Wistar rats underwent intestinal heterotopic allotransplantation. Aorto-aortal and porto-caval anastomoses were performed using the end-to-side microsurgery technique.

Umbilical cord blood levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in preterm prelabor rupture of membrane pregnancies complicated by the presence of histological chorioamnionitis.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to determine the levels of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio in the umbilical cord blood according to the presence of histological chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammatory response in pregnancies complicated by prelabor rupture of membranes at fewer than 34 gestational weeks.

Methods: Seventy-two women with singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between gestational ages 24+0 and 33+6 weeks were included in the study. The sample of blood was obtained from the umbilical cord after delivery of the newborn.

Soluble Toll-like receptor 1 family members in the amniotic fluid of women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes.

Objective: To determine soluble Toll-like receptor (sTLR) 1, sTLR2 and sTLR6 concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF) of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and if there is an association with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA).

Methods: Cross-sectional study was performed. Forty-two women with singleton PPROM pregnancies at a gestational age between 24 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks were included in the study (twenty-two women with presence of both microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and HCA, and 20 women without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and HCA).