Dynamic formation of melanoidins and parallel competitive pathways during sludge thermal hydrolysis affected by heating temperature.

The melanoidins formed through the Maillard reaction during thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP) of sludge contribute to darkening, refractoriness, and inhibition of effective wastewater and sludge treatment. However, the dynamic production and structural evolution of THP-derived melanoidins are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing melanoidins production and the associated mechanisms during THP.

Sustainable recovery of melanoidins from thermal hydrolyzed sludge by macroporous resin and properties characterization.

Melanoidins, the dark-color recalcitrant Maillard reaction by-products in thermal hydrolyzed sludge (THS), cause significant adverse effects on wastewater treatment. This study aimed to develop an efficient adsorption method for recovering melanoidins from THS by macroporous resin. The adsorptive characteristics of six macroporous resins (XAD761, XAD8, XAD16HP, FPX66, HPD-600 and IRA958Cl) showed that XAD761, not yet reported for melanoidins extraction, was the most appropriate with the highest recovery ratio.

Method development for the identification, extraction and characterization of melanoidins in thermal hydrolyzed sludge.

Melanoidins, the brown late-stage Maillard reaction products, are responsible for color development and refractoriness in thermal hydrolyzed sludge (THS), causing negative effects on wastewater treatment. This study aimed to develop a methodology for the identification, isolation and preliminary characterization of the THS melanoidins. After thermal hydrolysis, the formation of melanoidins were confirmed by physicochemical indicators and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence analysis.

Carbohydrate-to-protein ratio regulates hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes during volatile fatty acids production.

In this study, the typical model solubilized and hydrolyzed substrates of protein and carbohydrate were anaerobically fermented at different carbohydrate-to-protein (Car/Pro) ratios to examine volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and substrate consumption. The highest VFAs yields of 0.71 and 0.

Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 is associated with breast cancer progression and poor patient survival.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of mortality for women worldwide. It is necessary to identify valuable molecular markers to predict breast cancer progression in patients and treatment effect. Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), a member of SR kinase family, phosphorylates the SR splicing factors which plays essential roles in normal cell development and multiple human diseases.