You "R/R" What You Eat: Effects of High-Fiber, Low-Starch Diet Change on Regurgitation and Reingestion and Coprophagy in Zoo-Housed Gorillas.

Regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and coprophagy are common behaviors exhibited by primates living in human care. To reduce this undesirable behavior in two troops of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), the diet was modified by increasing fiber (by increasing browse) and decreasing starch (by reducing but not eliminating biscuits). We monitored behavior before, 3 weeks after, and 1 year after the diet change.

Preference Importance Ratings among African American and White Nursing Home Residents.

Objectives: The Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI-NH) assesses psychosocial preferences of nursing home (NH) residents. This study explored the association of race with importance ratings of self-dominion preferences (i.e.

An Academic-Health Department Community Partnership to Expand Disease Investigation and Contact Tracing Capacity and Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Disease investigation and contact tracing are long-standing public health strategies used to control the spread of infectious disease. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, health departments across the country have lacked the internal workforce capacity and technology needed to efficiently isolate positive cases and quarantine close contacts to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This article describes an innovative disease investigation and contact tracing program developed through a formalized community partnership between a local county health department and local university.

Baseline assessment of a potassium iodide distribution for nuclear power plant emergencies in the Canadian-United States border region.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate resident demographics and resident understanding of the proper use of potassium iodide (KI) pills as a countermeasure in the event of a nuclear power plant emergency. We also described expected behaviors of community members in the event of a nuclear accident.

Design: The study design utilized a cross-sectional survey with a validated written questionnaire.

Bioavailability and impacts of estrogenic compounds from suspended sediment on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Numerous environmental pollutants have the potential to accumulate in sediments, and among them are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is well documented that water-borne exposure concentrations of some potent EDCs, more specifically estrogenic- active compounds (ECs), can impair the reproduction of fish. In contrast, little is known about the bioavailability and effects of sediment-associated ECs on fish.

Assessing endocrine disruption in freshwater fish species from a "hotspot" for estrogenic activity in sediment.

Little is known about sediment-bound exposure of fish to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) under field conditions. This study aimed to investigate potential routes of EDC exposure to fish and whether sediment-bound contaminants contribute towards exposure in fish. Tench (Tinca tinca) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) as a benthic and pelagic living fish species, respectively, were sampled at the Luppe River, previously described as a "hotspot" for accumulation of EDC in sediment.

Bioavailability of estrogenic compounds from sediment in the context of flood events evaluated by passive sampling.

Studies worldwide have demonstrated through in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can accumulate in river sediments. However, remobilization of sediment-bound EDCs due to bioturbation or re-suspension during flood events remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of EDCs, more specifically estrogenic compounds (EC), from sediment under turbulent conditions using a passive sampling approach.

Adoption, Sustainability, and Dissemination of Chronic Disease Prevention Policies in Community-Based Organizations.

Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes.

Emergency Preparedness Plans and Perceptions Among a Sample of United States Childcare Providers.

Objectives: Children are at increased risk for experiencing negative physical and mental health outcomes as a result of disasters. Millions of children spend their days in childcare centers or in residential family childcare settings. The purpose of this study was to describe childcare providers' perceived levels of preparedness capabilities and to assess differences in levels of perceived preparedness between different types of childcare providers.

Smoking behaviors of adults with developmental disabilities and their direct support professional providers.

Background: People with developmental disabilities are not immune from the addictive effects and poor health outcomes associated with cigarette use. Direct support professionals often play a large role in the social environments of people with developmental disabilities and the literature suggests that one's environment can influence behavior.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between the smoking behaviors of people with developmental disabilities and their direct support professional providers.

The Perceived Role of Direct Support Professionals in the Health Promotion Efforts of Adults With Developmental Disabilities Receiving Support Services.

Direct support professionals (DSPs) play a large social role in the lives of people with developmental disabilities (DD) and have the potential to influence their health behaviors. Six qualitative focus groups ( n = 48) were conducted with DD community agency administrators, DSPs, family members and adults with DD to better understand the perceived role of DSPs in the health promotion efforts of those with DD. Findings from this study suggest that DSPs experience several barriers when trying to promote the health of those with DD, one of which is fear of violating the rights of people with DD.

Delivering Person-Centered Care: Important Preferences for Recipients of Long-term Services and Supports.

Objectives: Although assessing individual consumer preferences are an important first step in providing person-centered care, the purpose of this study was to identify the top 10 shared preferences that are important to a majority of consumers receiving long-term services and supports.

Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used.

Setting And Participants: Preference assessment interviews were conducted with 255 nursing home (NH) residents and 528 older adults receiving home and community-based services (HCBS).

Dietary and physical activity behaviors of adults with developmental disabilities and their direct support professional providers.

Background: People with developmental disabilities lead more sedentary lifestyles, consume poorer diets, as well as have higher rates of chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease when compared to members of the general population. Direct support professionals play a large social role in the lives of their clients with developmental disabilities, and thus have the ability to influence the health behaviors of their clients.

Objectives: The overall purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the dietary and physical activity behaviors of direct support professionals and their clients with developmental disabilities, as well as to assess how direct support professionals facilitate the health behaviors of their clients.

Obesity Prevention Practices and Policies in Child Care Settings Enrolled and Not Enrolled in the Child and Adult Care Food Program.

Objectives The United States Department of Agriculture's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) provides meals and snacks to low-income children in child care. This study compared nutrition and physical activity practices and policies as well as the overall nutrition and physical activity environments in a sample of CACFP and non-CACFP child care settings. Methods A random stratified sample of 350 child care settings in a large Midwestern city and its suburbs, was mailed a survey on obesity prevention practices and policies concerning menu offerings, feeding practices, nutrition and physical activity education, activity levels, training, and screen time.

tBRD-1 selectively controls gene activity in the Drosophila testis and interacts with two new members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family.

Multicellular organisms have evolved specialized mechanisms to control transcription in a spatial and temporal manner. Gene activation is tightly linked to histone acetylation on lysine residues that can be recognized by bromodomains. Previously, the testis-specifically expressed bromodomain protein tBRD-1 was identified in Drosophila.

Mother-child communication about sexual health, HPV and cervical cancer among antenatal clinic attendees in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Parent-child communication about sexual health is considered an effective strategy for encouraging safe sexual practices among youth. This study used a brief survey to examine mother-child communication among 86 antenatal clinic attendees in Johannesburg, South Africa. Eighty-five percent of mothers reported having enough information to discuss HIV/AIDS prevention with their children, while only 36% reported having enough information to discuss HPV/cervical cancer prevention.

An analysis of key stakeholders' attitudes and beliefs about barriers and facilitating factors in the development of a cervical cancer prevention program in South Africa.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women. Each year there are approximately 250,000 deaths; most of which occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. The purpose of this report is to examine key stakeholders experience and knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, examine their experiences with the current cervical cancer screening and treatment policy, and identify barriers and facilitating factors to vaccine implementation and uptake.

The bromodomain-containing protein tBRD-1 is specifically expressed in spermatocytes and is essential for male fertility.

By a conserved cellular differentiation process, spermatogenesis leads to formation of haploid sperm for successful reproduction. In Drosophila and in mammals, post-meiotic spermatid differentiation depends on several translationally repressed and stored mRNAs that are often expressed exclusively in the testis through a cell type specific transcriptional program. In Drosophila, the mRNAs of proteins required for post-meiotic chromatin reorganisation, like ProtB and Mst77F, are transcribed in meiotic spermatocytes and subjected to translational repression for days.

Bactofilins, a ubiquitous class of cytoskeletal proteins mediating polar localization of a cell wall synthase in Caulobacter crescentus.

The cytoskeleton has a key function in the temporal and spatial organization of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Here, we report the identification of a new class of polymer-forming proteins, termed bactofilins, that are widely conserved among bacteria. In Caulobacter crescentus, two bactofilin paralogues cooperate to form a sheet-like structure lining the cytoplasmic membrane in proximity of the stalked cell pole.

O-phenylphenol and its sodium and potassium salts: a toxicological assessment.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium (SOPP) and potassium (POPP) salts are used as fungicides and disinfectants. Due to the widespread use of especially OPP and SOPP, the potential for consumer exposure and some "critical" findings the toxicological database is quite extensive and complex. In experimental animals toxicity after single oral and dermal administration of these compounds is low.

Serotonin (5-HT1A-receptor) agonist-induced collecting duct vacuolation and renal papillary necrosis in the rat.

General anxiety in humans is treated with azaspirodecanedions, which act through a reduction of serotonin transmission. Ipsapirone also represents a serotonin (5-HT1A) receptor agonist and was under development as an anxiolytic drug. Histopathologic evaluation of animal experiments revealed cellular swelling and/or vacuolation of renal papillary and medullary collecting duct (MCD) epithelium in rats but not in dogs or mice.

Application of chloride-selective microelectrodes to renal test dyes and other food or cosmetic dyes.

The measurement of chloride activity was studied with Cl- -sensitive ion-exchanger microelectrodes (ISE) in calibrated test solutions stained with commonly used renal test dyes (e.g. Lissamine green SF) or other food or cosmetic dyes.

Maleate induced fall of glomerular filtration rate. A micropuncture study in the rat.

Maleate causes an enhanced excretion of amino acids, glucose, phosphate and bicarbonate. In addition to this inhibition of fluid and electrolyte reabsorption malate decreases glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The present investigation was designed to study the mechanisms of this fall in GFR.

Effect of isobutylmethylxanthine and related drugs on the receptor response (ERG; a-wave) of the frog retina at various extracellular calcium concentrations.

Various drugs known or expected to increase the levels of cyclic nucleotides in cells were applied to isolated superfused frog retinae, and their influence on the aspartate-isolated a-wave was studied. Isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), triacetylguanosine (TAG), and dimethylaminopurine (DAMP) strongly influenced the responses elicited from dark-adapted retinae by flashes of light: With all three drugs the response amplitude was increased, and latency and time to peak were prolonged. If, on the other hand, the retinae were light-adapted by background light of various intensities, the drugs showed different effects on the response amplitude: IBMX either did not influence the amplitude at all or even caused a decrease (4 of 6 experiments), DAMP decreased the amplitude and TAG caused an increase of the amplitude in 2 of 3 experiments.