Neuroimaging of postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome: a systematic review.

Background: Postoperative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (ppCMS) poses serious morbidity after posterior fossa tumor surgery. Neuroimaging studies aim to understand its pathophysiology, yet these vary in methodology and outcome measures. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the current literature to evaluate the evidence for differences in neuroimaging features between children with and without ppCMS.

Timing of cerebral damage in molybdenum cofactor deficiency: A meta-analysis of case reports.

Purpose: Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) classically presents shortly after birth, with neurological symptoms ascribed to postnatal toxicity of accumulating sulphite. Case reports suggest that cerebral damage associated with MoCD may have a prenatal onset.

Methods: A meta-analysis of case reports was performed on individuals with genetically proven MoCD retrieved through a systematic review and in-house search.

Vigabatrin-associated brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and clinical symptoms in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Objective: Previous retrospective studies have reported vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (VABAM), although clinical impact is unknown. We evaluated the association between vigabatrin and predefined brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in a large homogenous tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) cohort and assessed to what extent VABAM-related symptoms were reported in TSC infants.

Methods: The Dutch TSC Registry and the EPISTOP cohort provided retrospective and prospective data from 80 TSC patients treated with vigabatrin (VGB) before the age of 2 years and 23 TSC patients without VGB.

Bone health in childhood low-grade glioma: an understudied problem.

Objective: Children with a supratentorial midline low-grade glioma (LGG) may be at risk for impaired bone health due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, obesity, exposure to multiple treatment modalities, and/or decreased mobility. The presence of impaired bone health and/or its severity in this population has been understudied. We aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for bone problems in children with supratentorial midline LGG.

Neuroimaging of Vermiform Giant Arachnoid Granulations in Children.

Arachnoid granulations (AGs) are generally benign structures within the subarachnoid space that extend into the dural sinuses and calvarial bone. They can present in a variety of sizes but are termed 'giant' arachnoid granulations (GAGs) when they are larger than 1 cm in diameter or take up a significant portion of the dural sinus' lumen. Vermiform giant arachnoid granulations are a specific type of GAG that are known for their worm-like appearance.

Incidence and Characteristics of Cerebellar Atrophy/Volume Loss in Children with Confirmed Diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

The goal of our study was to determine the incidence of cerebellar atrophy, assess the imaging findings in the posterior fossa and determine the incidence of hippocampal sclerosis in a cohort of pediatric patients with confirmed tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). MRI studies of 98 TSC pediatric patients (mean age 7.67 years) were evaluated for cerebellar atrophy, cerebral/cerebellar tubers, white matter lesions, subependymal nodules, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, ventriculomegaly, and hippocampal sclerosis.

Navigated intraoperative ultrasound in pediatric brain tumors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value and accuracy of navigated intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) in pediatric oncological neurosurgery as compared to intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI).

Methods: A total of 24 pediatric patients undergoing tumor debulking surgery with iUS, iMRI, and neuronavigation were included in this study. Prospective acquisition of iUS images was done at two time points during the surgical procedure: (1) before resection for tumor visualization and (2) after resection for residual tumor assessment.

Brain MRI Injury Patterns across Gestational Age among Preterm Infants with Perinatal Asphyxia.

Introduction: Brain injury patterns of preterm infants with perinatal asphyxia (PA) are underreported. We aimed to explore brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and associated neurodevelopmental outcomes in these newborns.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter study included infants with gestational age (GA) 24.

Incomplete partition type II in its various manifestations: isolated, in association with EVA, syndromic, and beyond; a multicentre international study.

Purpose: Incomplete partition type II (IP-II) is characterized by specific histological features and radiological appearance. It may occur in isolation or in association with an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). Among those with IP-II and EVA, a subset has a diagnosis of Pendred syndrome.

T2-FLAIR Mismatch: An Imaging Biomarker for Children's -Altered Diffuse Astrocytoma or Angiocentric Glioma.

Background And Purpose: T2-FLAIR mismatch is a highly specific imaging biomarker of -mutant diffuse astrocytoma in adults. It has however also been described in -altered low grade tumors. Our aim was to assess the diagnostic power of the T2-FLAIR mismatch in -mutant astrocytoma and -altered low-grade tumors in children and correlate this mismatch with histology.

The long-term outcome of revision microdiscectomy for recurrent sciatica.

Purpose: To study the long-term outcome of revision microdiscectomy after classic microdiscectomy for lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LSRS).

Methods: Eighty-eight of 216 patients (41%) who underwent a revision microdiscectomy between 2007 and 2010 for MRI disc-related LSRS participated in this study. Questionnaires included visual analogue scores (VAS) for leg pain, RDQ, OLBD, RAND-36, and seven-point Likert scores for recovery, leg pain, and back pain.

Unraveling the relations between post-traumatic stress symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and limbic white matter in pediatric brain tumor patients.

Background: Pediatric brain tumor patients are at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments and associated white matter alterations. In other populations, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) impact cognition and white matter. This study aims to investigate the effect of PTSS on neurocognitive functioning and limbic white matter in pediatric brain tumor patients.

Improving advanced intraoperative MRI methods during pediatric neurosurgery.

Advanced intraoperative MR images (ioMRI) acquired during the resection of pediatric brain tumors could offer additional physiological information to preserve healthy tissue. With this work, we aimed to develop a protocol for ioMRI with increased sensitivity for arterial spin labeling (ASL) and diffusion MRI (dMRI), optimized for patient positioning regularly used in the pediatric neurosurgery setting. For ethical reasons, ASL images were acquired in healthy adult subjects that were imaged in the prone and supine position.

Amide proton transfer weighted imaging in pediatric neuro-oncology: initial experience.

Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) imaging enables in vivo assessment of tissue-bound mobile proteins and peptides through the detection of chemical exchange saturation transfer. Promising applications of APTw imaging have been shown in adult brain tumors. As pediatric brain tumors differ from their adult counterparts, we investigate the radiological appearance of pediatric brain tumors on APTw imaging.

Introduction of ultra-high-field MR brain imaging in infants: vital parameters, temperature and comfort.

Background: Brain MRI in infants at ultra-high-field scanners might improve diagnostic quality, but safety should be evaluated first. In our previous study, we reported simulated specific absorption rates and acoustic noise data at 7 Tesla.

Methods: In this study, we included twenty infants between term-equivalent age and three months of age.

Fetal indusium griseum is a possible biomarker of the regularity of brain midline development in 3T MR imaging: A retrospective observational study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the visibility of the indusium griseum (IG) in magnetic resonance (MR) scans of the human fetal brain and to evaluate its reliability as an imaging biomarker of the normality of brain midline development.

Material And Methods: The retrospective observational study encompassed T2-w 3T MR images from 90 post-mortem fetal brains and immunohistochemical sections from 41 fetal brains (16-40 gestational weeks) without cerebral pathology. Three raters independently inspected and evaluated the visibility of IG in post-mortem and in vivo MR scans.

Cranial MRI beyond the Neonatal Period and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonatal Encephalopathy Due to Perinatal Asphyxia: A Systematic Review.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging within seven days after birth is widely used to obtain prognostic information in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia. Later MRI could be useful for infants without a neonatal MRI or in the case of clinical concerns during follow-up. Therefore, this review evaluates the association between cranial MRI beyond the neonatal period and neurodevelopmental outcomes following NE.

Tocilizumab for the fifth progression of cystic childhood craniopharyngioma-a case report.

We present the case of a 15-year-old girl, with a fifth cystic progression of an adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma after multiple surgeries and previous local radiotherapy. She had severe visual impairment, panhypopituitarism including diabetes insipidus, and several components of hypothalamic damage, including morbid obesity and severe fatigue. To prevent further late effects hampering her quality of survival, she was treated biweekly with intravenous tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 agent, which stabilized the cyst for a prolonged time.

Reduced mammillary body volume in individuals with a schizophrenia diagnosis: an analysis of the COBRE data set.

While the frontal cortices and medial temporal lobe are well associated with schizophrenia, the involvement of wider limbic areas is less clear. The mammillary bodies are important for both complex memory formation and anxiety and are implicated in several neurological disorders that present with memory impairments. However, little is known about their role in schizophrenia.

Advanced intraoperative MRI in pediatric brain tumor surgery.

In the pediatric brain tumor surgery setting, intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) provides "real-time" imaging, allowing for evaluation of the extent of resection and detection of complications. The use of advanced MRI sequences could potentially provide additional physiological information that may aid in the preservation of healthy brain regions. This review aims to determine the added value of advanced imaging in ioMRI for pediatric brain tumor surgery compared to conventional imaging.

Additional Value of 3-Month Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Infants with Neonatal Encephalopathy following Perinatal Asphyxia.

Objective: To assess the evolution of neonatal brain injury noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), develop a score to assess brain injury on 3-month MRI, and determine the association of 3-month MRI with neurodevelopmental outcome in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study including 63 infants with perinatal asphyxia and NE (n = 28 cooled) with cranial MRI <2 weeks and 2-4 months after birth. Both scans were assessed using biometrics, a validated injury score for neonatal MRI, and a new score for 3-month MRI, with a white matter (WM), deep gray matter (DGM), and cerebellum subscore.