CT-based delta-radiomics for predicting pathological response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study.

Background: The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of delta-radiomics derived from computed tomography (CT) for pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), helping clinicians determine whether to modify the neoadjuvant treatment strategy, proceed to surgery, or forgo surgery altogether.

Methods: A total of 140 ESCC patients from two institutions (Database 1 = 93; Database 2 = 47) who underwent NICT and surgery were retrospectively included in the study. The training set consisted of patients from Database 1, while the testing set included patients from Database 2.

A nomogram for predicting invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as ground-glass nodules based on follow-up CT imaging.

Background: Different pathological stages of lung adenocarcinoma require different surgical strategies and have varying prognoses. Predicting their invasiveness is clinically important. This study aims to develop a nomogram to predict the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma manifesting as ground-glass nodules (GGNs) based on follow-up computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Quantitative computed tomography assessment of pulmonary function and compensation after lobectomy and segmentectomy in lung cancer patients.

Background: The effect of different surgical methods on postoperative lung function in patients with lung cancer is still inconclusive. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and segmentectomy on postoperative pulmonary function and compensatory changes in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.

Methods: A total of 120 patients (82 VATS lobectomy, 38 VATS segmentectomy) were assessed for demographic characteristics, baseline pulmonary function, tumor volume, T stage, and histological grade.

Clinical and radiological features of a cluster of immunocompetent adolescents with varicella pneumonia: a descriptive study.

Background: Varicella pneumonia is one of the most common and severe complications of chickenpox infection. This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological features of varicella pneumonia in a cluster of immunocompetent adolescents.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of adolescent patients diagnosed with varicella pneumonia at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital between February 2023 and May 2023.

Computed tomography angiography-confirmed aortic in-stents floating thrombus after endovascular stenting: a retrospective study.

Background: Aortic in-stents floating thrombus (ASFT) is a rare complication. The evolution of ASFT on computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging and the treatment options remain under investigations. The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging manifestations of ASFT on CTA, and to explore safe and effective treatment options.

Long-term radiological and pulmonary function abnormalities at 3 years after COVID-19 hospitalisation: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal progression of residual lung abnormalities (ground-glass opacities, reticulation and fibrotic-like changes) and pulmonary function at 3 years following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This prospective, longitudinal cohort study enrolled COVID-19 survivors who exhibited residual lung abnormalities upon discharge from two hospitals. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 months, 12 months, 2 years and 3 years post-discharge, and included pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), chest computed tomography (CT) scans and symptom questionnaires.

Quantitative assessment of airway wall thickness in COPD patients with interstitial lung abnormalities.

Background: Whether the airway is involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) is not well understood. Also the impact of ILA on lung function in COPD patients remains controversial. We aimed to assess the quantitative CT measurements of airway wall thickness (AWT) and lung function according to ILA status in COPD patients.

Well-Aerated Lung and Mean Lung Density Quantified by CT at Discharge to Predict Pulmonary Diffusion Function 5 Months after COVID-19.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the predictive values of quantitative CT indices of the total lung and lung lobe tissue at discharge for the pulmonary diffusion function of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at 5 months after symptom onset. Methods: A total of 90 patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 underwent CT scans at discharge, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed 5 months after symptom onset. The differences in quantitative CT and PFT results between Group 1 (patients with abnormal diffusion function) and Group 2 (patients with normal diffusion function) were compared by the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test or Mann−Whitney U test.

Opportunistic osteoporosis screening using chest CT with artificial intelligence.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis has a high incidence and a low detection rate. If it is not detected in time, it will cause osteoporotic fracture and other serious consequences. This study showed that the attenuation values of vertebrae on chest CT could be used for opportunistic screening of osteoporosis.

Asynchronous changes of normal lung lobes during respiration based on quantitative computed tomography (CT).

Background: This study aimed to explore the coordinated and independent actions of lung lobes during respiration using quantitative computed tomography (CT) in order to increase our understanding of pulmonary anatomy.

Methods: Cases for whom test results showed normal pulmonary function tests (PFTs) results, and normal paired inspiratory-expiratory chest CT findings, as assessed by 2 radiologists, were retrospectively included in this study. From the chest CT results, we measured quantitative indices of lung volume (LV) and mean lung density (MLD) for the total lung (TL), left lung (LL), right lung (RL), and 5 lobes in inspiratory and expiratory phases.

High-Resolution DWI with Simultaneous Multi-Slice Readout-Segmented Echo Planar Imaging for the Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions.

To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of high-resolution readout-segmented echo planar imaging (rs-EPI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used simultaneously with multi-slice (SMS) imaging (SMS rs-EPI) for the differentiation of breast malignant and benign lesions in comparison to conventional rs-EPI on a 3T MR scanner. A total of 102 patients with 113 breast lesions underwent bilateral breast MRI using a prototype SMS rs-EPI sequence and a conventional rs-EPI sequence. Subjective image quality was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = poor, 5 = excellent).

Radiomics Analysis of Multi-Phase DCE-MRI in Predicting Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer.

Objective: To explore whether the pretreatment dynamic contrast enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and radiomics signatures were associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer.

Method: A retrospective review of 70 patients with breast invasive carcinomas proved by biopsy between June 2017 and October 2020 (26 patients were pathological complete response, and 44 patients were non-pathological complete response). Within the pre-contrast and five post-contrast dynamic series, a total of 1037 quantitative imaging features were extracted from in each phase.

Evaluation of Breast Galactography Using Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: A Clinical Exploratory Study.

Objectives: To compare the application value of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in breast galactography.

Materials And Methods: A total of 128 patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND) were selected to undergo galactography. DBT and FFDM were performed for each patient after injecting the contrast agent; the radiation dose of DBT and FFDM was calculated, and the image quality was evaluated in consensus by two senior breast radiologists.

CT-Based Radiomics Helps to Predict Residual Lung Lesions in COVID-19 Patients at Three Months after Discharge.

Background: In this study, our focus was on pulmonary sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to develop and validate CT-based radiomic models for predicting the presence of residual lung lesions in COVID-19 survivors at three months after discharge.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 162 COVID-19 confirmed patients in our hospital (84 patients with residual lung lesions and 78 patients without residual lung lesions, at three months after discharge).

Total Lung and Lobar Quantitative Assessment Based on Paired Inspiratory-Expiratory Chest CT in Healthy Adults: Correlation with Pulmonary Ventilatory Function.

Objective: To provide the quantitative volumetric data of the total lung and lobes in inspiration and expiration from healthy adults, and to explore the value of paired inspiratory-expiratory chest CT scan in pulmonary ventilatory function and further explore the influence of each lobe on ventilation.

Methods: A total of 65 adults (29 males and 36 females) with normal clinical pulmonary function test (PFT) and paired inspiratory-expiratory chest CT scan were retrospectively enrolled. The inspiratory and expiratory volumetric indexes of the total lung (TL) and 5 lobes (left upper lobe [LUL], left lower lobe [LLL], right upper lobe [RUL], right middle lobe [RML], and right lower lobe [RLL]) were obtained by Philips IntelliSpace Portal image postprocessing workstation, including inspiratory lung volume (LV), expiratory lung volume (LV), volume change (∆LV), and well-aerated lung volume (WAL, lung tissue with CT threshold between -950 and -750 HU in inspiratory scan).