Successful treatment with cladribine of Erdheim-Chester disease with orbital and central nervous system involvement developing after treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Introduction: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, systemic form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the juvenile xanthogranuloma family with characteristic bilateral symmetrical long bone osteosclerosis, associated with xanthogranulomatous extra skeletal organ involvement. In ECD, central nervous system (CNS) and orbital lesions are frequent, and more than half of ECD pa tients carry the V600E mutation of the protooncogene BRAF. The synchronous or metachronous development of ECD and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in the same patients is rare, and the possible connection between them is still obscure.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome--A case report.

Introduction: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is characterized by the following symptoms: seizures, impaired consciousness and/or vision, vomiting, nausea, and focal neurological signs. Diagnostic imaging includes examination by magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT), where brain edema is visualized bilaterally and symmetrically, predominantly posteriorly, parietally, and occipitally.

Case Report: We presented a 73-year-old patient with the years-long medical history of hypertension and renal insufficiency, who developed PRES with the symptomatology of the rear cranium.

Visceral hybrid reconstruction of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm after open repair of type A aortic dissection by the Bentall procedure with the elephant trunk technique--a case report.

Introduction: Reconstruction of chronic type B dissection and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) remaining after the emergency reconstruction of the ascending thoracic aorta and aortic arch for acute type A dissection represents one of the major surgical challenges. Complications of chronic type B dissection are aneurysmal formation and rupture of an aortic aneurysm with a high mortality rate. We presented a case of visceral hybrid reconstruction of TAAA secondary to chronic dissection type B after the Bentall procedure with the 'elephant trunk' technique due to acute type A aortic dissection in a high-risk patient.

Traumatic mesenteric pseudocyst.

Introduction: Mesenteric pseudocysts have rarely been described in literature. They belong to a group of mesenteric cysts that are very rare intra-abdominal pathology regardless of the origin. The diagnosis is often difficult to make, because of the diversity of clinical symptoms.

Orbital lymphoma associated with Graves' disease: A case report.

Introduction: The presence of bilateral exophthalmos and palpebral, periorbital edema associated with hyperthyroidism is most often considered as an initial sign of Graves' ophthalmopathy. However, in up to 20% of cases, Graves' ophthalmopathy might precede the occurence of hyperthyroidism, which is very important to be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if it is stated as unilateral. Among other less common causes of non-thyroid-related orbitopathy, orbital lymphoma represents rare conditions.

Experimental pleural empyema model in rabbits: Why, how and what are the next steps.

Background/aim: The use of new therapeutic methods to prevent development of fibrothorax as the final complication of the human pleural infections requires research with experimental animals. The aim of this study was to standardize the procedures for the establishment of our own experimental model of empyema in rabbits, since it should be able to offer similar conditions found in human pleural infections.

Methods: This experiment included 15 chinchilla rabbits, weighing from 2.

Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Introduction: Rhodococcus (R) equi is an opportunistic, uncommon human pathogen that causes mainly infection in immunocompromised hosts. The disease is usually presented as subacute pneumonia that is mostly cavitary and sometimes bacteremic.

Case Report: We reported the extremly rare case of a 43-year-old woman with Hodgkin lymphoma, who developed R equi pulmonary infection after recieving multiple courses of chemotherapy.

A 60-year expirience in the treatment of pancreatic insulinoma in the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.

Background/aim: Insulinomas are rare benign tumors in the most cases and the most frequent endocrine tumors of the pancreas. A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with insulinoma is the reason for difficult recognition of the disease with a long period of time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis. Diagnostic procedures include Whipple's triad, 72-hour fast test and topographic assessment.

[Significance of ligature of early detected insufficient perforated lower extremities veins as a cause of the varicose syndrome].

Background/aim: Perforated veins (PV) connect surface and deep veins net. Insufficient perforated veins (IPV) are considered to be one of the causes of the venous stasis syndrome. Ligating IPV removes increased pressure transmission from the deep veins to the surface veins system and prevents the occurrence of varicosis, as well.