[Mayotte, a malaria-free island at last?].

Mayotte is a French overseas department and one of the 4 islands of the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean, located between Madagascar and the eastern coast of Africa. Malaria, mainly by , is endemic to the archipelago and remained a major public health problem until recent years. To control and then eliminate the disease, major strategies have been established in Mayotte since 2001.

K13-Propeller Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Patients in Mayotte in 2013 and 2014.

Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected from 29 malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine in Mayotte in 2013 and 2014. Twenty-four cases (83%) consisted of imported malaria. Seventeen percent of the isolates presented mutations in one of the six K13-propeller blades (N490H, F495L, N554H/K, and E596G).

Major decrease in malaria transmission on Mayotte Island.

Background: Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most malaria cases on Mayotte Island, in the Comorian Archipelago. Malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in the archipelago with an intense, stable and permanent transmission. This study reports results of 8 years of malaria surveillance from 2007 to 2014 after the strengthening of malaria control activities in Mayotte and the neighbouring islands.

Perceptions about participation in cancer clinical trials in New York state.

Background: Clinical trials are valuable in advancing cancer care through the investigation of ways in which to better prevent, detect and diagnose, and/or treat cancer. Recruitment of adults into clinical trials has historically been low.

Objective: To survey adult cancer patients who reside in New York state to better understand their participation in and attitudes about clinical trials.

Genetic structure of Plasmodium falciparum and elimination of malaria, Comoros archipelago.

The efficacy of malaria control and elimination on islands may depend on the intensity of new parasite inflow. On the Comoros archipelago, where falciparum malaria remains a major public health problem because of spread of drug resistance and insufficient malaria control, recent interventions for malaria elimination were planned on Moheli, 1 of 4 islands in the Comoros archipelago. To assess the relevance of such a local strategy, we performed a population genetics analysis by using multilocus microsatellite and resistance genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum sampled from each island of the archipelago.

Adaptive differentiation of Plasmodium falciparum populations inferred from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring drug resistance and from neutral SNPs.

Background: Theoretical and experimental data support the geographic differentiation strategy as a valuable tool for detecting loci under selection. In the context of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, few populations have been studied, with limited genomic coverage.

Methods: We examined geographic differentiation in P.

End-of-life care: an interdisciplinary perspective.

The Institute of Medicine has described the "death-denying character of American society'' and surely, there is an opportunity to change this character. Despite our understandable concern with costs, end-of-life care options must be variously considered from economic, ethical, and legislative perspectives. We consider these multiple perspectives of end-of-life care in an attempt to inform current thinking on the part of legislators, policy makers, providers, patients, families/ caregivers, and insurers on the issue of end-of-life care.

[Can the thick drop/smear examination for malaria be replaced by a rapid diagnostic test in first intention? The Mayotte experience].

Settings: Malaria is a public health problem in the French island of Mayotte (160,000 inhabitants) in the Indian Ocean. In the late 1990, resistance to chloroquine greatly increased, and so did the number of malaria cases, so that a new health policy had to be adopted. Since 2001, the initial smear/thick drop examination, the results of which took too long to obtain, has systematically been replaced by a rapid diagnosis test (Optimal IT Diamed) in all hospitals and public health centers.

[Epidemiology and prevention of malaria in the southwestern islands of the Indian Ocean].

Malaria epidemiology differs greatly in the geographically close islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean. In Madagascar and the Comoros Union malaria is still a major public health problem. In Mayotte indigenous transmission resumed in 1995 and is currently high in some communities.

Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine treatment in patients with acute uncomplicated Falciparum malaria in Mayotte, a French collectivity of the Comoros Archipelago.

Mayotte is a French island located in the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean. Due to the high level of resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in this area, new therapeutic strategies are required. The aim was to assess and to document the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) combination in four oral dosages.

[Malaria diagnosis and treatment in a rural Health Centre in Mayotte (Comoro archipelago, 2002)].

With a marked increase in both morbidity and mortality, as well as a high level of resistance to chloroquine (CQ), malaria is once again a major public health problem in Mayotte, a French overseas territory in the Comoro archipelago. The object of this study is to assess the contribution in the field of two new antimalarial fight steps taken in 2001-2002: The use of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria OptiMAL in the rural health centres and the drop of the CQ alone for the simultaneous administration of CQ and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. All 581 suspected malaria attacks, diagnosed by RDT during the year 2002 in a rural health centre of the island, were registered.

Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell-leukemia/lymphoma virus type I: implication of high antiviral antibody titer and high proviral load in carrier mothers.

In order to gain new insights into the risk factors influencing human-T-cell-leukemia/lymphoma-virus-type-I (HTLV-I) mother-to-child transmission, a retrospective study of HTLV-I infection among children born to HTLV-I-seropositive women was carried out in a highly HTLV-I-endemic population of African origin living in French Guyana. The study covered 81 HTLV-I-seropositive mothers and their 216 children aged between 18 months old and 12 years old. All plasma samples were tested for the presence of HTLV-I antibodies by ELISA, immunofluorescence assay and Western blot.

Risk factors for maternal HTLV-I infection in French Guiana: high HTLV-I prevalence in the Noir Marron population.

The aim of this study was to compare rates of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) seroprevalence in pregnant women belonging to different ethnic groups in French Guiana and to determine the risk factors associated with HTLV-I seropositivity. All 1,873 deliveries between 1 July 1991 and 30 June 1993 in the only gynecologic and obstetric unit at Saint Laurent du Maroni were enrolled. Serologic status could be established for 1,727 women, with 75 (4.

Clustering and clinical diversity of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma associated with HTLV-I in a remote black population of French Guiana.

An epidemiological study was performed in French Guiana (population 115,000) to determine the prevalence and incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) associated with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I). From January 1990 to December 1993, all suspected cases of ATL were enrolled in this study, and their clinical, epidemiological and immunovirological features were analyzed. Out of the 19 suspected cases, 18 were considered as ATL associated with HTLV-I (8 acute forms, 8 lymphoma types and 2 smoldering cases).

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix and schistosomiasis.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of carcinoma of the uterine cervix and its relationship to schistosomiasis infection.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a 10-year period (1980-1990) at the department of histopathology (cancer registry) of the University of Dar es Salaam using statistical evaluation of the proportional rate of histomorphological diagnosis, clinical symptoms and epidemiological aspects.

Results: There were 4520 cases classified as cervical carcinoma.