3D 4K Exo-Endoscopic Temporal Bone Dissection: A Novel Approach for Sharing the Anatomy.

Background: Temporal bone dissection is overwide recognized as an ideal training method for otologic surgeons. The knowledge of temporal bone anatomy and especially of the course of infratemporal facial nerve is pivotal in practice. The 3D exoscope is an innovative and promising tool, that was recently introduced in ear surgery.

VITOM 3D System in Parotid Gland Surgery: Our Experience.

In this report, we present our experience with the VITOM 3D system for parotid gland surgery. A retrospective review of 9 consecutive VITOM 3D-assisted parotidectomies was carried out. All of the cases included had benign pathology.

Spontaneous CSF Leaks and IIH: A Flawless Connection? An Experience With 167 Patients.

Objectives: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a rare but insidious clinical entity. In the recent literature, their pathogenesis has been linked with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Considering a worse surgical outcome compared to traumatic leaks, a medical treatment of the underlying IIH has been suggested in order to prevent relapses.

Endoscopic endonasal resection of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and skull base.

Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a locally aggressive salivary gland malignancy prone to perineural invasion and local recurrences. In the literature, few data exist to guide treatment when this tumor involves the paranasal sinuses and skull base. We report our experience in the management of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma through an endoscopic endonasal approach.

Sinonasal Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Review of 22 Patients.

Objective: To analyze outcomes and prognostic factors of sinonasal nonsalivary non-intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (n-ITAC.) METHODS: A retrospective review of 22 consecutive patients with n-ITAC was performed.

Results: Average follow-up time was 77 months.

Endoscopic endonasal approach for sinonasal and anterior skull base malignancies in the elderly.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of endoscopic transnasal resection for sinonasal and anterior skull-base cancers in elderly patients.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed. The patients were divided into 2 groups, <70 years old and ≥70 years old and compared by univariate analysis.

Transnasal endoscopic partial maxillectomy: Operative nuances and proposal for a comprehensive classification system based on 1378 cases.

Background: Despite the development of functional endoscopic endonasal surgery, there are still areas of the maxillary sinus that remain technically difficult to access using a standard middle meatal antrostomy as well as deep-seated skull base lesions requiring expanded transmaxillary approaches.

Methods: All patients who underwent transnasal endoscopic partial maxillectomy (TEPM) in a single institution from 2000 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The TEPM was classified into 5 types according to the anatomic structures progressively removed and to the access provided.

Survival outcomes after endoscopic resection for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma arising on inverted papilloma.

Background: Sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs) can be associated synchronously or metachronously to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 5% to 10% of cases. The purposes of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of patients with sinonasal SCC arising from inverted papilloma (IP-SCC) treated through an endoscopic approach and review the pertinent literature.

Methods: The medical records of all patients treated for IP-SCC between 1997 and 2014 at 2 referral centers following a uniform policy were retrospectively analyzed.

Endoscopic Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma of the Sinonasal Tract.

The extra-skeletal form is an unusual type of Ewing sarcoma (ES) arising from soft tissue and in the literature there are reports of less than 50 patients describing the tumor in the paranasal sinuses and skull base. The histological diagnosis is crucial to plan the correct treatment and the molecular confirmation is mandatory in equivocal patients. A multimodality treatment with chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy improved the outcomes of these diseases during the last decades and a free-margin resection with the endoscopic transnasal technique is one of the most recent ways to manage these pathologies in selected patients, reducing the morbidities of the external approaches and preserving the quality of life of the patient.

Transorbital transnasal endoscopic combined approach to the anterior and middle skull base: a laboratory investigation.

Orbital approaches provide significant trajectory to the skull base and are used with differently designed pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a combined transorbital and transnasal approach to the anterior and middle cranial fossa. Cadaveric dissection of five silicon-injected heads was used.

Transorbital endoscopic assisted resection of a superior orbital fissure cavernous haemangioma: a technical case report.

Objectives: Superior orbital fissure and orbital apex lesions are challenging to manage, regardless of the approach chosen, due to the potential morbidity. The objectives of this study are to describe an innovative, minimally invasive surgical approach addressing this critical area and to discuss its indications and outcomes.

Subject: A young patient presented with visual disturbances (reduction of color discrimination, central scotoma) and mild exophthalmos owing to the presence of a right orbital apex cavernous haemangioma with superior orbital fissure invasion.

Endoscopic transnasal resection of Eustachian-tube dermoid in a new-born infant.

Introduction: Dermoids of the Eustachian tube are rare benign developmental tumours that typically occur in female children. General consensus of classification and nomenclature has still not been reached. The treatment of choice consists of a radical surgical excision.

Endoscopic transnasal approaches to pterygopalatine fossa tumors.

Background: The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a difficult area to access, as it has been traditionally treated by external approaches. The development of endoscopic transnasal approaches enables surgeons to reach this region through a minimally invasive route, reducing the associated morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with benign and malignant tumors arising in or extending to the PPF, treated from 2000 to 2013 at a single institute, using endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approaches.

Quality of life following endoscopic endonasal resection of anterior skull base cancers.

Object: For several decades, the exclusive purpose in the management of anterior skull base malignancies has been to increase survival rates. Recently, given the improved prognosis achieved, more attention has been focused on quality of life (QOL) as well. Producing data on QOL in anterior skull base cancers is hampered by the rarity of the neoplasm and the lack of specific questionnaires.