[Testicular Microlithiasis: Update on diagnosis and management.].

Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an uncommonurologic condition incidentally diagnosed byscrotal ultrasound. It has been associated with differentdiseases, such as Klinefelter`s syndrome, testicular atrophy,cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, and infertility.However, it can also present in healthy males that haveno associated risk factors.

Comparison of three analgesic drug regimens with twelfth subcostal nerve block for pain control during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Introduction And Objective: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the first-line treatment in the majority of cases of upper urinary tract stones. Since its introduction, attempts have been made to establish the ideal accompanying analgesic method to enable the application of shock waves of adequate duration and intensity for efficacious stone fragmentation. An open, randomized, prospective, longitudinal, comparative, and experimental clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of subcostal nerve block with lidocaine, comparing it in combination with tramadol or diclofenac for pain control during ESWL.