Multi-strain probiotic formula modulates expression of β-defensin-2, β-defensin-3, and TLR-4 in male rats with apical periodontitis.

Objective: Evaluate whether a multi-strain probiotic formula affects blood parameters (hematologic, calcium, and phosphorus levels) and alters the expression of β-defensin-2, β-defensin-3, and toll-like receptor 4 in male rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP).

Design: Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 8 each): (1) rats with AP on a regular diet (Control) and (2) rats with AP on a regular diet supplemented with the multi-strain probiotic GNC Probiotic Complex (GCP) at one billion CFU. AP was induced by exposing the dental pulp of the first molars to the oral environment.

Influence of melatonin supplementation on tissue response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of melatonin supplementation on tissue's response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats.

Methodology: Forty-eight rats received subcutaneous implants of four polyethylene tubes: one empty (control) and three filled with endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Endofill and Sealapex). Half of the animals were supplemented with melatonin (ME) and the remaining treated with water (WA) for 15 days before the implantation until euthanasia, forming the groups: control-WA, AH Plus-WA, Endofill-WA, Sealapex-WA, Control-ME, AH Plus-ME, Endofill-ME and Sealapex-ME.

Synergistic antimicrobial potential of EGCG and fosfomycin against biofilms associated with endodontic infections.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and synergistic effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and fosfomycin (FOSFO) on biofilms of oral bacteria associated with endodontic infections.

Methodology: This study determined minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and fractionated inhibitory concentration (FIC) of EGCG and FOSFO against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Monospecies and multispecies biofilms with those bacteria formed in polystyrene microplates and in radicular dentin blocks of bovine teeth were treated with the compounds and control chlorhexidine (CHX) and evaluated by bacterial counts and microscopy analysis.

Effects of diabetes mellitus on dental pulp: A systematic review of in vivo and in vitro studies.

Objectives: This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021227711) evaluated the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the response of the pulp tissue and in the pulp cells behaviour.

Materials And Methods: Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and OpenGrey were performed until March 2022. Studies evaluating the effects of DM in the pulp tissue inflammation and in the cell behaviour were included, followed by risk of bias assessment (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies and SYRCLE's RoB tools).

Photobiomodulation reduces inflammation but does not influence the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in pulp tissue of rats after bleaching.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of photobiomodulation with infrared laser (IRL) in the rat pulp tissue after bleaching, considering the immunolabeling of interleukin (IL)-23 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α.

Methodology: The right and left molars of forty rats were divided into groups: Control - with placebo gel and Bleached - with 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Half of the rats received one IRL application on both sides, establishing a split-mouth design, which resulted in 4 groups with 20 hemi-maxillae each: Control, Bleach, IRL, and Bleached-IRL.

Effect of red wine or its polyphenols on induced apical periodontitis in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of red wine consumption or its polyphenols on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis in rats.

Methodology: Thirty-two three-month-old Wistar rats had apical periodontitis induced in four first molars and were then arranged into four groups: control (C)-rats with apical periodontitis; wine (W)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.28 ml/kg of red wine; resveratrol+quercetin (R+Q)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.

Evolution of endodontic medicine: a critical narrative review of the interrelationship between endodontics and systemic pathological conditions.

Endodontics has gained emphasis in the scientific community in recent years due to the increase in clinical and in animal models studies focused on endodontic medicine, which aims to evaluate the interrelationship between systemic and periapical tissues pathological conditions. These studies have shown that systemic changes can boost the pathogenesis of endodontic infection, favoring its development and progression. A contrary relationship is reported in numerous studies that affirm the potential of endodontic infection to trigger systemic damage and may lead to the worsening of pre-existing pathologies.

Excessive caffeine intake increases bone resorption associated with periapical periodontitis in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of excessive caffeine intake on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with periapical periodontitis (PP) in rats.

Methodology: Sixteen Wistar rats were used. Periapical periodontitis was induced in the four first molars in each animal.

Dietary supplementation with multi-strain formula of probiotics modulates inflammatory and immunological markers in apical periodontitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics multi-strain formula affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP) induced in rats.

Methodology: 16 Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n=8): rats with AP fed with regular diet (Control-C (CG)); rats with AP, fed with regular diet and supplemented with multi-strain formula (one billion colony-forming units (CFU)): GNC Probiotic Complex (PCG) ( Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivaris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis and Streptococcus thermofilus ).

Cytotoxicity, inflammation, biomineralization, and immunoexpression of IL-1β and TNF-α promoted by a new bioceramic cement.

Aim To evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and mineralization capacity of BIO-C PULPO, and MTA. Methodology L929 fibroblasts were cultured and MTT assay was used to determine the material cytotoxicity on 6, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 male rats (Wistar) aged between 4 and 6 months, weighing between 250 and 300 g were used.

Effects of different alcohol concentrations on the development of apical periodontitis in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effect of different alcohol concentrations on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats.

Methods: Forty Wistar rats were arranged into five groups: (C) - control rats receiving sterile water as the only liquid; (G5) - animals receiving an alcohol solution at 5%, (G10) - alcohol solution at 10%, (G15) - alcohol solution at 15%, and (G20) - alcohol solution at 20%. The alcoholic solution or water was given to the groups as the sole source of hydration throughout the 30 days of the experiment.

Initial inflammatory response after the pulpotomy of rat molars with MTA or ferric sulfate.

Purpose: To compare, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the inflammatory cells, vascular density and IL-6 immunolabeled cells present in the pulp after pulpotomy with white MTA versus 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS).

Methodology: Forty-eight mandibular first molars from 24 Wistar rats were divided into MTA or FS groups and subdivided according to the period after pulpotomy procedure (24, 48 and 72 hours).

Hypertension affects the biocompatibility and biomineralization of MTA, High-plasticity MTA, and Biodentine®.

This study evaluated the effect of hypertension on tissue response and biomineralization capacity of white Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), High-plasticity MTA (MTA HP), and Biodentine® (BDT) in rats. Polyethylene tubes filled with MTA, MTA HP, BDT, and the control group (empty tubes) were placed into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 32 male rats (16 normotensive (NT) and 16 hypertensive rats - 8 per group). After 7 and 30 days, the polyethylene tubes surrounded by connective tissue were removed, fixed, and embedded in histological resin.

Cytotoxicity, Biocompatibility and Biomineralization of a New Ready-for-Use Bioceramic Repair Material.

New mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) formulations are constantly introduced in the market, usually in a powder-and-liquid form. Bioceramic (Bio-C) Repair is a ready-for-use material suggested as substitute for MTA, but its properties need to be studied. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and biomineralization of Bio-C Repair compared to MTA Repair High-Plasticity (MTA-HP) and white MTA-Angelus (MTA-Ang).

Comparison between calcium hydroxide mixtures and mineral trioxide aggregate in primary teeth pulpotomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with two different vehicles as a capping material for pulp tissue in primary molars, compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Methodology: Forty-five primary mandibular molars with dental caries were treated by conventional pulpotomy using one of the following materials: MTA only (MTA group), CH with saline (CH+saline group) and CH with polyethylene glycol (CH+PEG group) (15 teeth/group). Clinical and periapical radiographic examinations of the pulpotomized teeth were performed 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.

Chronic alcohol consumption changes blood marker profile and bone density in rats with apical periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate apical periodontitis (AP) development in rats under a chronic alcohol diet by calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase blood levels in addition to histological and radiographic analyses.

Methods: Thirty-two rats were arranged into four groups: (a) group 1: without apical periodontitis and on a regular diet; (b) group 2: AP and on a regular diet; (c) group 3: alcoholic diet without apical periodontitis; and (d) group 4: alcoholic diet and apical periodontitis. Alcoholic solution at 20% was given throughout the 8-week experiment.

Biocompatibility and biomineralization ability of Bio-C Pulpecto. A histological and immunohistochemical study.

Aim: To evaluate the inflammatory response, biomineralization and production of osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) of a new root filling material for primary teeth (Bio-C Pulpecto) compared to MTA.

Design: Polyethylene tubes containing Bio-C Pulpecto, MTA, and empty tubes were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue. After 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, the tubes with surrounding tissue were removed and histologically processed to be analysed using haematoxylin and eosin, von Kossa staining, or no staining for observation under polarized light and immunohistochemistry for the detection of OCN, OPN, and BSP.

Incidence of periodontal compromise in teeth indicated for undergoing endodontic treatment: A clinical study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of teeth indicated for undergoing endodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and nine teeth were evaluated using probing depth tests at three vestibular and three palatine/lingual sites before the patients underwent treatment. Teeth that presented up to 3-mm probing depth were considered as healthy.

A preliminary comparison between the effects of red and infrared laser irradiation on viability and proliferation of SHED.

The aim of this preliminary study was to compare the effects of different energy densities from red and infrared low-level laser (LLL) on viability and proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). SHED were irradiated with red laser (R) or infrared laser (IR) set with the following dosimetry: 1.2 J/cm (0.

Incidence of ProTaper Universal System Instrument Fractures - A Retrospective Clinical Study.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the incidence of ProTaper Universal System instrument fractures, associated with observation of the arch, group of teeth, and root thirds in which these fractures occurred.

Methods: From analysis of charts, clinical record cards and radiographs of endodontic treatments performed by postgraduate students using the ProTaper Universal System at a reference center, a total of 1031 teeth and 2355 canals were analyzed. The general incidence of instrument fractures and their frequency, considering the group of teeth, arch and root thirds, were cataloged and the data obtained were statistically analyzed (Exact Fischer test, with level of significance of 1%).

Multidisciplinary management of an impacted maxillary central incisor associated with supernumerary teeth: a case report.

Permanent maxillary central incisor impaction is a rare condition of multifactorial etiology that should be treated on diagnosis. This article describes multidisciplinary treatment of an 11-year-old patient presenting with a permanent maxillary right central incisor that was impacted due to the presence of 2 supernumerary teeth. The diagnosis was reached through clinical evaluation, radiography, and cone beam computed tomography.

Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Evaluation of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using MTA And Ferric Sulfate.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histological outcomes of the dentin-pulp complex from primary molars after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS). Thirty-one primary molars were randomly allocated into MTA or FS groups.

Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, BiodentineTM and calcium hydroxide on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the capping materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and BiodentineTM (BD) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro. SHED were cultured for 1 - 7 days in medium conditioned by incubation with MTA, BD or CH (1 mg/mL), and tested for viability (MTT assay) and proliferation (SRB assay). Also, the migration of serum-starved SHED towards conditioned media was assayed in companion plates, with 8 μm-pore-sized membranes, for 24 h.

Tooth injuries: Knowledge of parents of public school students from the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Background/aims: The prognosis of traumatized teeth can be optimized if appropriate procedures are following at the time of the accident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of students' parents from a group of Brazilian schools regarding fracture and tooth avulsion in permanent teeth.

Methods: Parents of 802 students were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire designed to explore how they would manage their child's dental avulsion or fracture.