Correction: A biomimetic approach to shielding from ionizing radiation: The case of melanized fungi.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Light absorption enhancement and radiation hardening for triple junction solar cell through bioinspired nanostructures.

Multi-junction solar cells constitute the main source of power for space applications. However, exposure of solar cells to the space radiation environment significantly degrades their performance across the mission lifetime. Here, we seek to improve the radiation hardness of the triple junction solar cell, GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge, by decreasing the thickness of the more sensitive middle junction.

A biomimetic approach to shielding from ionizing radiation: The case of melanized fungi.

Melanized fungi have been shown to thrive in environments with high radionuclide concentrations, which led to the association of the pigment melanin with the protection against ionizing radiation. Several hypotheses regarding the function of melanin have been proposed. Yet, the exact mechanism behind the protective property of melanin is unclear and poorly explored.

Local sleep-like events during wakefulness and their relationship to decreased alertness in astronauts on ISS.

Adequate sleep quantity and quality is required to maintain vigilance, cognitive and learning processes. A decrease of sleep quantity preflight and on the International Space Station (ISS) has been reported. Recent counter-measures have been implemented to better regulate sleep opportunities on ISS.

Beyond astronaut's capabilities: The current state of the art.

Space agencies have developed extensive expertise with sustaining human presence in low earth orbits and microgravity. Prolonged human presence in space beyond EarthâĂŹs orbit presents additional, some still unsolved issues. These are linked to the distance to Earth (impossibility of effective tele-operation, psychological effects linked to remoteness from Earth, required autonomy, the handling of emergencies, long mission durations), and to the environments beyond the Earth magnetosphere (radiation levels, local environments including atmospheres, dust, gravity, day-night cycles).

Brain-machine interfaces for space applications.

In human space flight, astronauts are the most precious "payload" and astronaut time is extremely valuable. Astronauts operate under unusual and difficult conditions since the absence of gravity makes some of simple tasks tedious and cumbersome. Therefore, computer interfaces for astronauts are generally designed first for safety and then for functionality.

Brain-machine interfaces for space applications-research, technological development, and opportunities.

Recent advances in brain research and brain-machine interfaces suggest these devices could play a central role in future generation computer interfaces. Successes in the use of brain machine interfaces for patients affected by motor paralysis, as well as first developments of games and gadgets based on this technology have matured the field and brought brain-machine interfaces to the brink of more general usability and eventually of opening new markets. In human space flight, astronauts are the most precious "payload" and astronaut time is extremely valuable.

The efficiency of various thermoluminescence dosemeter types to heavy ions.

Dose verification in heavy-ion beams using passive dosemeter systems, e.g. thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs), is crucial due to the changing efficiency of the dosemeters for different ion species and linear energy transfer (LET) values.