The Evidence Paradox of the Effectiveness between the Paediatric and Adult Stone-Forming Population: A Narrative Review.

Aim/objective: To identify trends in the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of using α-blockers in children versus adults and compare outcomes.

Methods: A literature search up using the key words including urolithiasis/renal/ureteric stone in children/paediatric population, medical expulsive treatment (MET), α-blocker/alfuzosin/tamsulosin/doxazosin. Included were randomized or controlled clinical trials in paediatric stone formers (aged ≤18 years).

Current treatment of pelvic organ prolapse correlated with chronic pelvic pain, bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the relationship between symptoms of abnormal emptying of the bladder, urgency, pelvic pain, anorectal dysfunction and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to present evidence in order to show how many of the above mentioned symptoms can be cured or substantially improved by repair of specific pelvic ligaments.

Recent Findings: In this review, we provide evidence to show how often these dysfunctions occur and how they can be cured in 42-94% by appropriate pelvic floor surgery in the longer term, up to 2 years. Laxity in ligaments and/or vaginal membrane due to damaged connective tissue may prevent the normal opening and closure mechanism of urethra and anus, because muscles need finite lengths to contract properly.

Renal Pseudoaneurysm after Flexible Ureterorenoscopy - An Unusual Complication.

Pseudoaneurysm following flexible ureterorenoscopy has not been reported so far. The etiology remains unclear as high intra-renal pressure, direct laser damage and damage through stiff guidewire puncture had all been avoided. We like to share this case to make urologists aware of this unusual complication and discuss possible causes and therapeutic approaches.

Current Trends in Urolithiasis Treatment in Various European Health Systems.

Objective: In spite of readily available evidence-based guidelines on urolithiasis treatment, practical applications of treatments vary from country to country, or even within countries. The choice of treatment depends not only on the evidence, but often on general non-medical decision factors such as infrastructure, expertise, trends, patient demands, industry drive and reimbursement levels. In turn, many of these factors are interdependent and a result of the individual National Health System.

Acceptance of mixed scientific and clinical activities in a sub-speciality urology meeting.

Basic urolithiasis research into the causes for stone formation has been stagnating for a long time. Emergence of effective stone treatment modalities has shifted the public and clinicians' focus away from basic research towards symptomatic treatment solutions. This has occurred in spite of urolithiasis being a highly recurrent disease with an enormous socio-economic impact warranting a prophylactic and recurrence-preventing approach.

Accuracy of HistoScanning™ for the prediction of a negative surgical margin in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of HistoScanning™ (HS) as a visualization tool for preoperative treatment planning for nerve-sparing (NS) radical prostatectomy (RP).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 80 patients with prostate cancer undergoing RP from October 2009 to December 2009. All patients underwent a HS procedure 1 day before surgery.

High DGK-α and disabled MAPK pathways cause dysfunction of human tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells that is reversible by pharmacologic intervention.

CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating T cells (CD8-TILs) are found in many types of tumors including human renal cell carcinoma. However, tumor rejection rarely occurs, suggesting limited functional activity in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we document that CD8-TILs are unresponsive to CD3 stimulation, showing neither lytic activity, nor lytic granule exocytosis, nor IFN-γ production.