[Characteristics of bloodstain patterns in bleeding from a contused wound of head with rupture of a branch of superficial temporal artery].

An expert case is presented in which a man was found dead in his apartment, on the bed. Upon examination of the crime scene, the deceased was found to have a contused wound of the frontoparietal region on the left side. The apartment contained a large number of bloodstains, including patterns characteristic of arterial spurt.

[Forensic characteristic of damages caused by offensive grenades detonation].

Objective: To determine the specific morphological features of damages on the cloth and biological simulator of the human body in the detonation of RGD-5 and RGN fragmentation hand offensive grenades.

Material And Methods: The study was carried out on the 12 targets from a biological simulator of the human body wrapped in cotton cloth by detonation of examined grenades at a distance of 50 cm and 1 m from the target.

Results: The character and features of damages of cloth and human body biological simulator, features of soot deposition made it possible to determine specific signs for each of examined offensive grenades types.

[Modern opportunities of using computer programs and mobile devices in the frame of personality identification].

A technology of mobile devices on the basis of Android and iOS sharing, in which previously trained neural networks on the mobile device with the use of the Skull-face program place the reference points in automatic mode with subsequent analysis of the images and obtaining the result in less than 1 min, has been developed. Data processing and acquisition of results immediately at the scene of an accident can provide invaluable assistance in the mass admission of unidentified corpses in cases of emergency; will allow to rapidly, excluding the influence of subjective factor, solve expert tasks, improve the accuracy, effectiveness and performance of forensic personality identification.

[Innovations in forensic medicine: accuracy, evidence and effectiveness of expertises in emergencies in case of mass fatality].

The article presents the main innovative methods used in forensic expert practice at the current stage, reveals the principle and algorithms of the developed software complex for registration and identification of the deceased. The proposed program automatically generates four documents, which reduces the time required for forensic expertise in the conditions of mass admission of deceased. The article's authors substantiate prospects of further application of computer technologies in forensic practice to improve organizational and methodological activities in emergencies with a large number of deceased.

[Sweet protein brazzein as a promising sweetener].

The excessive consumption of sugar-containing foods contributes to the development of a number of diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc. As a substitute for sugar, people with diabetes mellitus and obesity most often use sweeteners. Sweet proteins, in particular brazzein, are an alternative to synthetic sweeteners that have natural origin, are broken down in the intestines along with food proteins, and do not affect blood sugar and insulin levels.

Bee Venom: Composition and Anticancer Properties.

Among the various natural compounds used in alternative and Oriental medicine, toxins isolated from different organisms have had their application for many years, and venom has been studied the most extensively. Numerous studies dealing with the positive assets of bee venom (BV) indicated its beneficial properties. The usage of bee products to prevent the occurrence of diseases and for their treatment is often referred to as apitherapy and is based mainly on the experience of the traditional system of medical practice in diverse ethnic communities.

Novel mechanism of drug resistance triggered by tumor-associated macrophages through Heat Shock Factor-1 activation.

Macrophages constitute a major part of tumor microenvironment, and most of existing data demonstrate their ruling role in the development of anti-drug resistance of cancer cell. One of the most powerful protection system is based on heat shock proteins whose synthesis is triggered by activated Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1); the inhibition of the HSF1 with CL-43 sensitized A549 lung cancer cells to the anti-cancer effect of etoposide. Notably, analyzing A549 tumor xenografts in mice we observed nest-like pattern of co-localization of A549 cells demonstrating enhanced expression of HSF1 with macrophages, and decided to check whether the above arrangement has a functional value for both cell types.

Does Background Matter? A Comparative Characterization of Mouse Models of Autosomal Retinitis Pigmentosa rd1 and Pde6b-KO.

Many retinal degenerative diseases result in vision impairment or permanent blindness due to photoreceptor loss or dysfunction. It has been observed that Pde6b mice (rd1), which carry a spontaneous nonsense mutation in the gene, have a strong phenotypic similarity to patients suffering from autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. In this study, we present a novel mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa generated through gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations.

Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases.

[Fatal injury to the neck while working with an angle grinder].

A fatal accident using an angle grinder is presented. During the forensic medical examination of the corpse, a soft tissue wound of the neck was found, localized in the region of its anterior and right lateral surfaces, with damage to the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, sternocleidomastoid and sternothyroid muscles, thyroid lobe, incomplete transection of the trachea and esophagus caused by the rotating disc of an angle grinder. This observation supplements the existing ideas about injuries caused by power tools, as well as the possibility of reconstructing an event based on a comprehensive assessment of data from the scene.

Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector.

In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.

[The distinc features of a blood drip stain on a surface covered with house dust].

The purpose of the investigation is to establish the characteristics of a blood drip stains on a surface covered with house dust. In most cases, objects at the crime scene are covered in some degree of dust deposits. Accordingly, in external bleeding wounds, blood drops on dusty surfaces.

Genotoxic and genoprotective effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives: a brief review.

This review summarises current knowledge about the genotoxic and genoprotective effects of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHP) with the main focus on the water-soluble 1,4-DHPs. Most of these water-soluble compounds manifest very low calcium channel blocking activity, which is considered "unusual" for 1,4-DHPs. Glutapyrone, diludine, and AV-153 decrease spontaneous mutagenesis and frequency of mutations induced by chemical mutagens.

[The occurrence of contact traces of blood during medical and forensic examinations].

The purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis of the available types of contact traces of blood and the establishment of their occurrence at the objects of medical and forensic examinations. Contact marks are formed as a result of the mechanical interaction of two objects, one of which is stained with blood. The literature data allow us to distinguish several types of contact traces of blood: impressions, smears, smearing, «voids», traces in the form of changes in the existing stain from wiping, washing, traces-artifacts from insects.

Mapping homicide by 3-D modelling of bloodstain patterns at crime scene.

Background: Three-dimensional (3-D) modelling can be a useful technical aid and we used it to reconstruct a homicide scene to corroborate the statement of an eyewitness. 3-D modelling of the bloodstain was conducted by Micro Smith Poser 11 and Autodesk 3-Ds Max software. The technique was found to be easily understandable by the police and judiciary in the interpretation of the sequence of the events of the crime.

New PAM Improves the Single-Base Specificity of crRNA-Guided LbCas12a Nuclease.

The RNA-guided Cas12a nuclease forms a complex with a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to cleave the double-stranded DNA target. Among others, Cas12a protein from (LbCas12a) is widely used for biomedical research. For target recognition, LbCas12a requires a specific nucleotide sequence, named a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM).

A non-randomized comparative study of olfactory and gustatory functions in children who recovered from COVID-19 (1-year follow-up).

The experimental group included 68 children over 6 years of age who had recovered from COVID-19. The control group included 22 children over 6 years of age who have never had COVID-19. Research methods included neurological examination, verification of cognitive status, examination by an otolaryngologist, and smell and taste assessment.

Translational potential of base-editing tools for gene therapy of monogenic diseases.

Millions of people worldwide have rare genetic diseases that are caused by various mutations in DNA sequence. Classic treatments of rare genetic diseases are often ineffective, and therefore great hopes are placed on gene-editing methods. A DNA base-editing system based on nCas9 (Cas9 with a nickase activity) or dCas9 (a catalytically inactive DNA-targeting Cas9 enzyme) enables editing without double-strand breaks.

Combined Cytotoxic Effect of Inhibitors of Proteostasis on Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, drug resistance continues to be a major limitation of therapy. In this regard, studies aimed at creating combination therapy are gaining popularity. One of the most promising adjuvants are inhibitors of the proteostasis system, chaperone machinery, and autophagy.

Cas-Based Systems for RNA Editing in Gene Therapy of Monogenic Diseases: and Application and Translational Potential.

Rare genetic diseases reduce quality of life and can significantly shorten the lifespan. There are few effective treatment options for these diseases, and existing therapeutic strategies often represent only supportive or palliative care. Therefore, designing genetic-engineering technologies for the treatment of genetic diseases is urgently needed.

Search for Structural Basis of Interactions of Biogenic Amines with Human TAAR1 and TAAR6 Receptors.

The identification and characterization of ligand-receptor binding sites are important for drug development. Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs, members of the class A GPCR family) can interact with different biogenic amines and their metabolites, but the structural basis for their recognition by the TAARs is not well understood. In this work, we have revealed for the first time a group of conserved motifs (fingerprints) characterizing TAARs and studied the docking of aromatic (β-phenylethylamine, tyramine) and aliphatic (putrescine and cadaverine) ligands, including gamma-aminobutyric acid, with human TAAR1 and TAAR6 receptors.

Affective States, Coping and Mutual Understanding in Russian Families During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Lockdown.

The purpose of the empirical study (April-May 2020) was to determine the type and level of affect, specifics of coping styles during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown, as well as mutual understanding between parents and children. We hypothesized that the combination of positive and negative affect magnitude is a factor in well-being and mutual understanding with children, as well as the coping style during the lockdown. The study involved 705 respondents aged 16-77, including 435 parents living with children under 16.

Prevention of High Glucose-Mediated EMT by Inhibition of Hsp70 Chaperone.

Hyperglycemia may contribute to the progression of carcinomas by triggering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Some proteostasis systems are involved in metastasis; in this paper, we sought to explore the mechanism of Hsp70 chaperone in EMT. We showed that knockdown of Hsp70 reduced cell migration capacity concomitantly with levels of mRNA of the Slug, Snail, and Twist markers of EMT, in colon cancer cells incubated in high glucose medium.

[The study of blood stains at the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenov University over the period of its existence].

The historical analysis and the results of research activities of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenov University on the study of blood stains as important material evidence in forensic medicine and forensic science are presented. The personal contribution to the solution of this problem of outstanding forensic doctors whose life and work was associated with the department was noted.