Reaction Mechanisms of High-Rate Copper Electrochemical Machining in Nitrate Electrolytes.

The high-rate electrochemical dissolution of copper in nitrate electrolytes is investigated primarily via polarization curves, while varying parameters such as the electrolyte flow velocity, the electrolyte resistance, the anode geometry, and the temperature. This study focuses on the re-rise in current at high voltages after the limiting current plateau. As a result of the studies, a change in the complexation mechanism from hydration to "solvo-nitration" is proposed, which requires an additional potential drop within the electrochemical double layer.

Spray Pyrolysis of ZnO:In: Characterization of Growth Mechanism and Interface Analysis on p-Type GaAs and n-Type Si Semiconductor Materials.

Sprayed transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are an interesting alternative to sputtered TCOs for many applications due to the possible high throughput and a simple, atmospheric pressure process of spray deposition. In this work, the growth mechanism of sprayed ZnO:In was analyzed by transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) analysis of the thin film's crystal orientation, which shows a preferred orientation of the growing grains and thus proves that the deposition occurs from the gas phase. It was observed that with increasing thickness of the layer, the average grain size increases and the measured resistivity significantly reduces to ≈5-6 × 10 Ω cm for layers of >500 nm thickness.