Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases.

Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof.

Vaccination Prevented Short-Term Memory Loss, but Deteriorated Long-Term Spatial Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Mice, Independent of Amyloid-β Pathology.

Background: Soluble oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ), rather than Aβ plaques, seems to be the culprit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, a new concept vaccine of small cyclic peptide conjugates, selectively targeting oligomeric Aβ, has been developed.

Objective: Study the therapeutic potential of this new vaccine in a mouse model for AD.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and microglial activity are associated with distinct postoperative behavioral changes in rats.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has recently gained interest as a marker for neuroinflammation and associated behavioral dysfunction. We aimed to explore the link between NGAL and behavior in a rat model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Material collected in two previous studies on POCD was analyzed and associated with outcomes for exploratory behavior and spatial learning.

Differences in the association between behavior and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in male and female rats after coronary artery ligation.

Heart failure is associated with an increased risk of developing depression and cognitive dysfunction, which negatively affects prognosis. Plasma levels of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) are increased in heart failure and depression. Moreover, NGAL levels are associated with depression in heart failure patients.

NGAL and other markers of inflammation as competitive or complementary markers for depressive symptom dimensions in heart failure.

Objectives: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an inflammatory marker associated with the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), the psychopathology of depression and the co-existing symptoms of depression in HF patients. The aim of this study is to determine whether the association of serum NGAL levels with depressive symptoms dimensions in HF is independent of well-known inflammatory markers.

Methods: Serum NGAL, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), its two soluble receptors; sTNFR1, sTNFR2, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukocytes were measured in 104 patients with HF at baseline and 12 months.

Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and depression in patients with chronic heart failure.

Depression adversely affects prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. Inflammation is indicated as potential biological pathway in this co-morbidity. Since increased levels of the cytokine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) are predictive for HF prognosis, and recently indicated in patients with major depression, this study examined the association of serum NGAL levels with symptoms of depression in patients with HF.