The Safety of Probiotics Intended for Use in Pregnant and Lactating Women: From a Desirable to a Required Task.

During pregnancy, women undergo changes that affect virtually every organ, apparatus, or system, including the host microbiota. Most pregnancies progress smoothly despite the common presence of minor side-effects arising from such adaptations. However, some women may experience more serious complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or preterm delivery.

Application of SP36, a Strain Isolated from an Old Cheese Seal, as an Adjunct Culture in Cheesemaking.

Adjunct cultures originating from artisanal cheese environments may play an important role in recreating and developing traditional cheese flavours, thanks to their enzymatic activities, involved in different metabolic pathways that occur during cheese ripening. In this work, SP36, a strain isolated from an old cheese seal, was added as an adjunct culture to the cheese's raw milk, and its effect on the microbiological, physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of the cheese was studied. The use of SP36 in cheese manufacturing had no significant ( > 0.

Characterization of a Strain Isolated from a Cheese Seal Which Was Last Used in 1936.

Cheesemaking played a pivotal role in the life of the Pyrenean villages where cheese was a most prized commodity and the subject of much local competition. In one of them (Sasa de Sobrepuerto), Mrs. Sebastiana Palacio decided in 1877 to label all the cheeses made in her household with a seal to differentiate them from those made by other local producers.

Evaluation of Safety and Beneficial Health Effects of the Human-Milk Strain DSM32583: An Infant Pilot Trial.

Human milk promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Adding bifidobacterial species to infant formula may contribute to increasing their presence in the gut of formula-fed infants. Therefore, the safety and anti-infectious effects of DSM32583, a breast milk isolate, were assessed in a pilot trial involving 3-month-old infants.

A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines.

Introduction: Hyperuricemia and gout are receiving an increasing scientific and medical attention because of their relatively high prevalence and their association with relevant co-morbidities. Recently, it has been suggested that gout patients have an altered gut microbiota. The first objective of this study was to investigate the potential of some strains to metabolize purine-related metabolites.

Immunomodulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem by CECT 30632 Improves Pregnancy Rates among Women with Infertility of Unknown Origin or Habitual Abortions.

In this study, the probiotic potential of CECT 30632 was assessed, including properties specifically related with gynecological targets. This strain displayed co-aggregative and antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of vaginal pathogens while being respectful with the growth of vaginal lactobacilli. The strain produced a high concentration of lactic acid and displayed α-amylase activity when assayed in vitro.

Interspecies relationships between nosocomial pathogens associated to preterm infants and lactic acid bacteria in dual-species biofilms.

The nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs) used to feed preterm infants are commonly colonized by bacteria with the ability to form complex biofilms in their inner surfaces. Among them, staphylococci (mainly and ) and some species belonging to the Family are of special concern since they can cause nosocomial infections in this population. NETF-associated biofilms can also include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the ability to compete with pathogenic species for nutrients and space.

Interactions between human milk oligosaccharides, microbiota and immune factors in milk of women with and without mastitis.

Lactational mastitis is an excellent target to study possible interactions between HMOs, immune factors and milk microbiota due to the infectious and inflammatory nature of this condition. In this work, microbiological, immunological and HMO profiles of milk samples from women with (MW) or without (HW) mastitis were compared. Secretor status in women (based on HMO profile) was not associated to mastitis.

Dietary Habits and Relationship with the Presence of Main and Trace Elements, Bisphenol A, Tetrabromobisphenol A, and the Lipid, Microbiological and Immunological Profiles of Breast Milk.

Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant, although it can also be a source of abiotic contaminants such as heavy metals or bisphenol A (BPA). The early life exposure to these compounds can lead to serious toxic effects in both the short and long-term. These substances can reach breast milk through the mother's habits, diet being one of the main routes of exposure.

Nasal and Fecal Microbiota and Immunoprofiling of Infants With and Without RSV Bronchiolitis.

Bronchiolitis associated with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants aged < 1 year. The main objective of this work was to assess the nasal and fecal microbiota and immune profiles in infants with RSV bronchiolitis, and to compare them with those of healthy infants. For this purpose, a total of 58 infants with RSV-positive bronchiolitis and 17 healthy infants (aged < 18 months) were recruited in this case-control study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Gregorio Marañón.

Replacement of Metaphylactic Antimicrobial Therapy by Oral Administration of MP100 in a Pig Farm.

Antibiotic use in swine production contributes to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria, which poses a threat on human health. Therefore, alternative approaches must be developed. The objective of this work was the characterization of the probiotic properties of a strain isolated from sow's milk and its application as an inoculated fermented feed to pregnant sows and piglets.

The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life.

The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant.

High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition.

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks.

Application of CECT5713 to Achieve Term Pregnancies in Women with Repetitive Abortion or Infertility of Unknown Origin by Microbiological and Immunological Modulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem.

In this study, the cervicovaginal environment of women with reproductive failure (repetitive abortion, infertility of unknown origin) was assessed and compared to that of healthy fertile women. Subsequently, the ability of CECT5713 to increase pregnancy rates in women with reproductive failure was evaluated. Vaginal pH and Nugent score were higher in women with reproductive failure than in fertile women.

The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem.

Human milk contains a dynamic and complex site-specific microbiome, which is not assembled in an aleatory way, formed by organized microbial consortia and networks. Presence of some genera, such as (formerly known as ), , and , has been detected by both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. DNA from some gut-associated strict anaerobes has also been repeatedly found and some studies have revealed the presence of cells and/or nucleic acids from viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa in human milk.

Effect of Sample Collection (Manual Expression vs. Pumping) and Skimming on the Microbial Profile of Human Milk Using Culture Techniques and Metataxonomic Analysis.

Human milk microbiota is a unique bacterial community playing a relevant role in infant health, but its composition depends on different factors (woman health, lactation stage, and geographical lactation). However, information is lacking regarding some other factors that may affect the bacterial community of human milk. In this study we aimed to study the impact of the sample collection method and the skimming procedure using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to study the human milk microbial profile.

Role of Lactobacillus biofilms in Listeria monocytogenes adhesion to glass surfaces.

Listeria monocytogenes can form long-lasting biofilms on food-contact surfaces. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have shown promise in antagonizing this microorganism in liquid media. However, the ecological relationships differ when cells are forming biofilms.

Human milk cortisol and immune factors over the first three postnatal months: Relations to maternal psychosocial distress.

Background: Many biologically active factors are present in human milk including proteins, lipids, immune factors, and hormones. The milk composition varies over time and shows large inter-individual variability. This study examined variations of human milk immune factors and cortisol concentrations in the first three months post-partum, and their potential associations with maternal psychosocial distress.

Human Milk Microbiota: Origin and Potential Uses.

At the beginning of the 21st century, some pioneer studies provided evidence of the existence of a site-specific human milk microbiota. Hygienically collected milk samples from healthy women contain a relatively low bacterial load, which consist mostly of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, lactic acid bacteria, and other gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, and Bifidobacterium). DNA from strict anaerobic bacteria is also detected in human milk samples.

Microbiological and Immunological Markers in Milk and Infant Feces for Common Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Pilot Study.

The objective of this pilot study was to assess the fecal microbiome and different immunological parameters in infant feces and maternal milk from mother-infant pairs in which the infants were suffering from different gastrointestinal disorders (colic, non-IgE-mediated cow milk protein allergy (CMPA), and proctocolitis). A cohort of 30 mother-infant pairs, in which the infants were diagnosed with these gastrointestinal disorders or included as healthy controls, were recruited. Bacterial composition of infant feces and breast milk was determined by metataxonomic sequencing.

Human Milk Microbiome and Maternal Postnatal Psychosocial Distress.

Human milk contains many bioactive components, including bacteria, which are transferred to the developing infant through breastfeeding. Milk bacteria appear to, amongst others, originate from the maternal gut. A mother's postnatal psychosocial distress may alter maternal gut microbiota, which in turn may affect the bacteria present in milk.

Metataxonomic and immunological analysis of milk from ewes with or without a history of mastitis.

Mastitis is a highly prevalent condition that has a great impact on milk production and animal welfare, and often requires substantial management efforts. For this reason, it is generally considered an important threat to the dairy industry. Many microbial, host, and environmental factors can protect against, predispose to, or influence the development of mastitis.

Characterization of MP01 and MP02 and Assessment of Their Potential for the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Infections in an Experimental Canine Model.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of MP01 and MP02, two strains isolated from canine milk. These two isolates were characterized for their survival to conditions similar to those found in the canine gastrointestinal tract, production of antimicrobial compounds, adherence to intestinal mucin, degradation of mucin, and antibiotic sensitivity. Globally, both strains exhibited a high probiotic potential.

Rectal and Vaginal Eradication of (GBS) in Pregnant Women by Using CECT 9145, A Target-specific Probiotic Strain.

(Group B Streptococci, GBS) can cause severe neonatal sepsis. The recto-vaginal GBS screening of pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to positive ones is one of the main preventive options. However, such a strategy has some limitations and there is a need for alternative approaches.

Strategies for the Preservation, Restoration and Modulation of the Human Milk Microbiota. Implications for Human Milk Banks and Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Studies carried in the last years have revealed that human milk contains a site-specific microbiota and constitutes a source of potentially beneficial bacteria to the infant gut. Once in the infant gut, these bacteria contribute to the assembly of a physiological gut microbiota and may play several functions, contributing to infant metabolism, protection against infections, immunomodulation or neuromodulation. Many preterm neonates are fed with pasteurized donor's human milk (DHM) or formula and, therefore, are devoid of contact with human milk microbes.