Comparison of lung area by chest radiograph, with estimation of lung volume by helium dilution during prone and supine positioning in mechanically ventilated preterm infants: a pilot study.

Measurement of lung volume may be useful in determining the degree of lung disease and for optimizing an infant's mechanical ventilator settings. A chest radiograph (CXR) is often used to estimate lung volume, because direct measurement, e.g.

Coincidence-detection FDG-PET versus gallium in children and young adults with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease.

Unlabelled: Coincidence-detection 18F-FDG-PET (PET) and 67Ga whole-body and SPECT (Ga) were compared in children and young adults with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease (HD).

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients with histologically confirmed HD underwent PET with attenuation correction 1 h after injection of 150-220 MBq 18F-FDG and whole-body and SPECT imaging 72 h after injection of 250-370 MBq 67Ga citrate. Two experienced readers retrospectively reviewed PET and Ga scans, grading 13 anatomic regions from one (normal) to five (abnormal).

Reliability of splenic index to assess splenic involvement in pediatric Hodgkin's disease.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the splenic index (SI) in children with Hodgkin's disease (HD). Seventeen patients who underwent staging laparotomy for HD were included in this study. Pretreatment computed tomography scans of these patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the SI.

Infestation and distribution of the mite Varroa destructor in colonies of Africanized bees.

Whereas in several parts of the world varroa is the major pest affecting apiculture, in others the parasite is unknown to many beekeepers because its damage to bees is minor. The impact of the mite Varroa destructor is related to the climatic conditions and the races of Apis mellifera bees in each region where the pest exists. In the present study, the current level of infestation by the mite was assessed to determine the evolution of the pest in Africanized bee colonies in Southern Brazil.

18F-FDG PET versus CT for evaluating the spleen during initial staging of lymphoma.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to compare (18)F-FDG PET to CT for evaluating the spleen during the initial staging of lymphoma.

Methods: Seven patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma underwent (18)F-FDG PET and CT. Splenic uptake of (18)F-FDG, diffuse or focal, greater than hepatic uptake was interpreted as consistent with tumor.

The role of gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for children with suspected acute pyelonephritis.

Purpose: The diagnosis of pyelonephritis is primarily clinical. However, the history and physical findings can be confusing in children, leading to adjunctive nuclear renal cortical scintigraphic studies (99mtechnetium dimercapto-succinic acid [DMSA]) to confirm the diagnosis. Nonetheless, ambiguity occurs when differentiating between acute pyelonephritis and chronic scarring.

An adolescent with ovarian osteosarcoma arising in a cystic teratoma.

A 14-year-old girl had an abdominal mass with the characteristics of an ovarian germ cell tumor on computed tomography scan. The mass, arising from the left ovary, was completely resected and found to be osteosarcoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma. A metastatic lesion in the abdomen did not respond to 2 courses of cisplatin, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and high-dose methotrexate, and was resected.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetus in congenital intrathoracic disorders: preliminary observations.

Background And Objective: Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide high-quality images of the intrathoracic organs. We studied the ability of MRI to define spatial relationships of the fetal lungs and measured lung volume in two cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), one of severe oligohydramnios secondary to bilateral cystic renal dysplasia and one case of prenatal chylothorax.

Patients And Methods: We performed pelvic MRI using single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) pulse sequence in four pregnant women referred because of abnormal prenatal ultrasound (US) findings associated with pulmonary hypoplasia.

Pediatric radiology at the millennium.

Purpose: To evaluate the current practice of and job market for pediatric radiologists in the United States and Canada with a 1998 survey and compare findings with those of surveys from 1980 and 1989.

Materials And Methods: Surveys were mailed to the 728 active members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology. Questions covered professional practice, subspecialization, and involvement in evolving technologies.

18F-FDG Uptake in the Anterior Mediastinum. Physiologic Thymic Uptake or Disease?

Purpose: We reviewed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) studies to determine the frequency of thymic visualization, to characterize this uptake to facilitate differentiation from disease, and to ascertain effects of therapy on visualization.Methods: Hybrid positron emission tomography images performed on 14 patients with known or suspected malignancy before therapy, and on six of the patients after treatment, were reviewed. Mediastinal uptake was characterized by location, contour and intensity.

Acute appendicitis in children: comparison of clinical diagnosis with ultrasound and CT imaging.

Background: There is strong evidence that imaging with ultrasound and CT can be of substantial diagnostic value in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children, but there is limited information of the impact of imaging on the management of these patients and its possible effect on surgical findings.

Objective: We studied the impact of imaging in the management of acute appendicitis, in particular its effect on the rate of negative appendectomies and perforations.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records and imaging findings of 633 consecutive children and adolescents seen on an emergency basis with clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis.