Bioethanol production using high density crops in Uruguay.

Experimental scale crops for , , and , at 2,220, 4,440 and 6,660 trees ha were established in two soil units, at Paysandú and Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Wood samples were taken from twenty-two-months-old trees, and were used to produce bioethanol by pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharyfication and fermentation process (PSSF). Cellulose and lignin content was analyzed.

Relevant factors in the eutrophication of the Uruguay River and the Río Negro.

In recent decades, there has been increasing eutrophication of rivers and lagoons in Uruguay and solutions leading to water purification are being sought. The growing pollution has been attributed to nitrogen and phosphorus compounds exported from the river basins with intensification of agricultural production and the absence of tertiary treatment for urban and industrial effluents. Although nitrogen and phosphorus are relevant to eutrophication, there are also other factors that can promote eutrophication and algal blooms.

Corrigendum: Dairy Calves in Uruguay Are Reservoirs of Zoonotic Subtypes of and Pose a Potential Risk of Surface Water Contamination.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.

Dairy Calves in Uruguay Are Reservoirs of Zoonotic Subtypes of and Pose a Potential Risk of Surface Water Contamination.

, a major cause of diarrhea in calves, is of concern given its zoonotic potential. Numerous outbreaks of human cryptosporidiosis caused by genetic subtypes are reported yearly worldwide, with livestock or water being frequently identified sources of infection. Although cryptosporidiosis has been reported from human patients in Uruguay, particularly children, epidemiologic information is scant and the role of cattle as reservoirs of zoonotic subtypes of has not been explored.

Agricultural pesticides and veterinary substances in Uruguayan beeswax.

Over the last decade, Uruguay has expanded and intensified its rainfed crop production. This process has affected beekeeping in several ways: for example, by reducing the space available. This has increased the density of apiaries, the risk of varroosis and acaricide use.

Neonicotinoids transference from the field to the hive by honey bees: Towards a pesticide residues biomonitor.

The beehive as a quantitative monitor of pesticide residues applied over a soybean crop was studied through a semi field experiment of controlled exposure of honey bees to pesticides in macro tunnels. The distribution within exposed beehives of pesticides commonly used in soybean plantation, was assessed. Residue levels of insecticides in soybean leaves, honey bees, wax, honey and pollen were analyzed.

Screening of endocrine disruption activity in sediments from the Uruguay River.

Sediment constitutes an important sink of endocrine disruptor compounds; however, the potential of sediments to act as a source of endocrine disruptors should be more extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of immature common carp to Uruguay River sediments undergo physiological and endocrine alterations. The lower Uruguay River watershed supports intensive agricultural and forest production, receives municipal sewage discharge and industrial effluent, and a new large pulp mill was constructed in 2006.

Acute contact toxicity test of insecticides (Cipermetrina 25, Lorsban 48E, Thionex 35) on honeybees in the southwestern zone of Uruguay.

Glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivation is expanding rapidly in Uruguay, with its land area having increased by 95 times during the past 10 years. Because of the region's Neotropical conditions, insecticide use is required to ensure adequate soybean productivity. However, in areas shared by soybean crops and beekeepers - such as the southwestern zone of Uruguay (SWZU) - the use of insecticides can increase the risks of honeybee death and honey contamination.

Detection of pesticides in active and depopulated beehives in Uruguay.

The influence of insecticides commonly used for agricultural purposes on beehive depopulation in Uruguay was investigated. Honeycombs, bees, honey and propolis from depopulated hives were analyzed for pesticide residues, whereas from active beehives only honey and propolis were evaluated. A total of 37 samples were analyzed, representing 14,800 beehives.

Preliminary field study of hepatic porphyrin profiles of Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characiformes) to define anthropogenic pollution.

The implementation of eco-toxicological assessment in South America is presently limited due to significant scientific information gaps concerning native species and their potential use as biomarkers. Recently, a common southern hemisphere fish species, Astyanax fasciatus, has been pointed out as a potential bio-indicator to anthropogenic pollution. This is a small, abundant, Neotropical characid, which is widely distributed from Central America south, to the Rio de la Plata Basin of western Uruguay.