Effects of Mild Fatigue on Biomechanics of Single Leg Landing in Young Male Volleyball Players.

Objective: To investigate the effects of mild fatigue on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of young male volleyball players while performing single leg landing tasks.

Methods: A total of ten young male volleyball players were recruited as participants in this study. After the single leg landing was performed, we compared the performance between those with and without fatigue (post- and non-fatigue, respectively).

Noncoding RNAs: the crucial role of programmed cell death in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disease characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone remodeling. Osteoporosis can lead to bone loss and bone microstructural deterioration. This increases the risk of bone fragility and fracture, severely reducing patients' mobility and quality of life.

Roles and mechanisms of copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in osteoarticular diseases.

Copper is an essential trace element in the human body that is extensively distributed throughout various tissues. The appropriate level of copper is crucial to maintaining the life activities of the human body, and the excess and deficiency of copper can lead to various diseases. The copper levels in the human body are regulated by copper homeostasis, which maintains appropriate levels of copper in tissues and cells by controlling its absorption, transport, and storage.

Moderate mechanical stress suppresses chondrocyte ferroptosis in osteoarthritis by regulating NF-κB p65/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Ferroptosis is a recently identified form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we investigated the protective effect of moderate mechanical stress on chondrocyte ferroptosis and further revealed the internal molecular mechanism. Intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate (MIA) was conducted to induce the rat model of OA in vivo, meanwhile, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was treated to chondrocytes to induce the OA cell model in vitro.

Signaling pathways regulated by natural active ingredients in the fight against exercise fatigue-a review.

Exercise fatigue is a normal protective mechanism of the body. However, long-term fatigue hinders normal metabolism and exercise capacity. The generation and recovery from exercise fatigue involves alterations in multiple signaling pathways, mainly AMPK, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, PINK1/Parkin, and BDNF/TrkB, as well as MAPK signaling pathways that mediate energy supply, reduction of metabolites, oxidative stress homeostasis, muscle fiber type switching, and central protective effects.

Recent advances in polymeric microparticle-based drug delivery systems for knee osteoarthritis treatment.

Due to the poor bioavailability and high joint clearance of drugs, sustained delivery of therapeutic agents has proven difficult in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Intra-articular (IA) drug delivery strategy is an attractive option for enhancing OA patients' prognosis, for which various polymer materials have been used as drug carriers due to their attractive delivery properties, to slow or even reverse the progress of OA by prolonging the duration of therapeutic agent residence in the joint. This article focuses on the recent developments in natural and synthetic polymer-based microsphere drug delivery systems for treating knee osteoarthritis.

Effects of Treadmill Running at Different Light Cycles in Mice with Metabolic Disorders.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for about 90% of cases of diabetes and is considered one of the most important problems of our time. Despite a significant number of studies on glucose metabolism, the molecular mechanisms of its regulation in health and disease remain insufficiently studied. That is why non-drug treatment of metabolic disorders is of great relevance, including physical activity.

Protective effects of curcumin against osteoporosis and its molecular mechanisms: a recent review in preclinical trials.

Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common metabolic skeletal disorders and is commonly seen in the elderly population and postmenopausal women. It is mainly associated with progressive loss of bone mineral density, persistent deterioration of bone microarchitecture, and increased fracture risk. To date, drug therapy is the primary method used to prevent and treat osteoporosis.

Effects of cold water immersion after exercise on fatigue recovery and exercise performance--meta analysis.

Cold water immersion (CWI) is very popular as a method reducing post-exercise muscle stiffness, eliminating fatigue, decreasing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and recovering sports performance. However, there are conflicting opinions as to whether CWI functions positively or negatively. The mechanisms of CWI are still not clear.

Treadmill Training Effect on the Myokines Content in Skeletal Muscles of Mice With a Metabolic Disorder Model.

The effect of treadmill training loads on the content of cytokines in mice skeletal muscles with metabolic disorders induced by a 16 week high fat diet (HFD) was studied. The study included accounting the age and biorhythmological aspects. In the experiment, mice were used at the age of 4 and 32 weeks, by the end of the experiment-respectively 20 and 48 weeks.

Effect of Dynamic and Static Load on the Concentration of Myokines in the Blood Plasma and Content of Sodium and Potassium in Mouse Skeletal Muscles.

Modulation of cytokine production by physical activity is of considerable interest, since it might be a promising strategy for correcting metabolic processes at both cellular and systemic levels. The content of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15 in the plasma and the concentration of monovalent cations in the skeletal muscles of trained and untrained mice were studied at different periods after static and dynamic exercises. Dynamic loads caused an increase in the IL-6 content and decrease in the IL-15 content in the plasma of untrained mice, but produced no effect on the concentration of IL-8.

Ouabain Suppresses IL-6/STAT3 Signaling and Promotes Cytokine Secretion in Cultured Skeletal Muscle Cells.

The cardiotonic steroids (CTS), such as ouabain and marinobufagenin, are thought to be adrenocortical hormones secreted during exercise and the stress response. The catalytic α-subunit of Na,K-ATPase (NKA) is a CTS receptor, whose largest pool is located in skeletal muscles, indicating that muscles are a major target for CTS. Skeletal muscles contribute to adaptations to exercise by secreting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plethora of other cytokines, which exert paracrine and endocrine effects in muscles and non-muscle tissues.

Associations Between Heart Rate Variability-Derived Indexes and Training Load: Repeated Measures Correlation Approach Contribution.

Davletyarova, K, Vacher, P, Nicolas, M, Kapilevich, LV, and Mourot, L. Associations between heart rate variability-derived indexes and training load: repeated measures correlation approach contribution. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 2005-2010, 2022-This study aimed to evaluate whether similar associations between indexes derived from heart rate variability (HRV) analyses and training load (TL) could be obtained by using the commonly used Pearson correlation technique and the repeated measures correlation (rmcorr).

Transcriptomic changes triggered by ouabain in rat cerebellum granule cells: Role of α3- and α1-Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated signaling.

It was shown previously that inhibition of the ubiquitous α1 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase by ouabain sharply affects gene expression profile via elevation of intracellular [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Unlike other cells, neurons are abundant in the α3 isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase, whose affinity in rodents to ouabain is 104-fold higher compared to the α1 isoform. With these sharp differences in mind, we compared transcriptomic changes in rat cerebellum granule cells triggered by inhibition of α1- and α3-Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms.

Elevation of Intracellular Na Contributes to Expression of Early Response Genes Triggered by Endothelial Cell Shrinkage.

Background/aims: Prolonged hyperosmotic shrinkage evokes expression of osmoprotective genes via nuclear factor NFAT5-mediated pathway and activates Na influx via hypertonicity-induced cation channels (HICC). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) elevation of intracellular sodium concentration ([Na]) triggers transcription of dozens of early response genes (ERG). This study examined the role of monovalent cations in the expression of Na-sensitive ERGs in iso- and hyperosmotically shrunken HUVEC.

Ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients in rodent cells: Physiological and pathophysiological implications.

Elevation of [Na]/[K]-ratio is considered as one of the major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in various cells types. In this study, we identified ubiquitous and cell type-specific [Formula: see text] -sensitive genes by comparative analysis of transcriptomic changes in ouabain-treated rat aorta smooth muscle cells and rat aorta endothelial cells (RASMC and RAEC, respectively), rat cerebellar granule cells (RCGC), and mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure of the cells to ouabain increased intracellular Na content by ~14, 8, 7, and 6-fold and resulted in appearance of 7577, 2698, 2120, and 1146 differentially expressed transcripts in RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively.

Transcriptomic changes in C2C12 myotubes triggered by electrical stimulation: Role of Ca-mediated and Ca-independent signaling and elevated [Na]/[K] ratio.

Elevation of Ca and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are considered as major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in exercising skeletal muscle. Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) of cultured myotubes is widely employed as an in vitro model of muscle contraction. This study examines the impact of Ca-mediated and Ca-independent signaling in transcriptomic changes in EPS-treated C2C12 myotubes.

Electrical pulse stimulation decreases electrochemical Na and K gradients in C2C12 myotubes.

Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)-treated cultured myotubes are widely employed as an in vitro model of muscle contraction. Here we examined time-dependent EPS action and dose-dependent ouabain action on [Na] and [K] in C2C12 myotubes. After 2 h of EPS (40 V, 1 Hz, 10 ms) [Na] increased by ∼150% whereas [K] declined by ∼20%.

Time- and dose dependent actions of cardiotonic steroids on transcriptome and intracellular content of Na and K: a comparative analysis.

Recent studies demonstrated that in addition to Na,K-ATPase inhibition cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) affect diverse intracellular signaling pathways. This study examines the relative impact of [Na]/[K]-mediated and -independent signaling in transcriptomic changes triggered by the endogenous CTSs ouabain and marinobufagenin (MBG) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We noted that prolongation of incubation increased the apparent affinity for ouabain estimated by the loss of [K] and gain of [Na].

Dynamic and Static Exercises Differentially Affect Plasma Cytokine Content in Elite Endurance- and Strength-Trained Athletes and Untrained Volunteers.

Extensive exercise increases the plasma content of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and several other cytokines via their augmented transcription in skeletal muscle cells. However, the relative impact of aerobic and resistant training interventions on cytokine production remains poorly defined. In this study, we compared effects of dynamic and static load on cytokine plasma content in elite strength- and endurance-trained athletes vs.

Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: Role of [Na]/[K]-mediated excitation-transcription coupling.

During the last two decades numerous research teams demonstrated that skeletal muscles function as an exercise-dependent endocrine organ secreting dozens of myokines. Variety of physiological and pathophysiological implications of skeletal muscle myokines secretion has been described; however, upstream signals and sensing mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. It is well documented that in skeletal muscles intensive exercise triggers dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations caused by permanent activation of voltage-gated Na and K channels.

Role of cytoskeleton network in anisosmotic volume changes of intact and permeabilized A549 cells.

Recently we found that cytoplasm of permeabilized mammalian cells behaves as a hydrogel displaying intrinsic osmosensitivity. This study examined the role of microfilaments and microtubules in the regulation of hydrogel osmosensitivity, volume-sensitive ion transporters, and their contribution to volume modulation of intact cells. We found that intact and digitonin-permeabilized A549 cells displayed similar rate of shrinkage triggered by hyperosmotic medium.

NKCC1 and NKCC2: The pathogenetic role of cation-chloride cotransporters in hypertension.

This review summarizes the data on the functional significance of ubiquitous (NKCC1) and renal-specific (NKCC2) isoforms of electroneutral sodium, potassium and chloride cotransporters. These carriers contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension via regulation of intracellular chloride concentration in vascular smooth muscle and neuronal cells and via sensing chloride concentration in the renal tubular fluid, respectively. Both NKCC1 and NKCC2 are inhibited by furosemide and other high-ceiling diuretics widely used for attenuation of extracellular fluid volume.

Physical exercise associated with NO production: signaling pathways and significance in health and disease.

Here we review available data on nitric oxide (NO)-mediated signaling in skeletal muscle during physical exercise. Nitric oxide modulates skeletal myocyte function, hormone regulation, and local microcirculation. Nitric oxide underlies the therapeutic effects of physical activity whereas the pharmacological modulators of NO-mediated signaling are the promising therapeutic agents in different diseases.

Exercise and NO production: relevance and implications in the cardiopulmonary system.

This article reviews the existing knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on nitric oxide (NO) production in the cardiopulmonary system. The authors review the sources of NO in the cardiopulmonary system; involvement of three forms of NO synthases (eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS) in exercise physiology; exercise-induced modulation of NO and/or NOS in physiological and pathophysiological conditions in human subjects and animal models in the absence and presence of pharmacological modulators; and significance of exercise-induced NO production in health and disease. The authors suggest that physical activity significantly improves functioning of the cardiovascular system through an increase in NO bioavailability, potentiation of antioxidant defense, and decrease in the expression of reactive oxygen species-forming enzymes.