Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.

T cells have been identified as correlates of protection in viral infections. However, the level of vaccine-induced T cells needed and the extent to which they alone can control acute viral infection in humans remain uncertain. Here we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving vaccination and challenge in 33 adult human volunteers, using the live-attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) and chimeric Japanese encephalitis-YF17D (JE/YF17D) vaccines.

Unmasking Subglottic Stenosis in an Asthmatic Emergency Needing Front-of-Neck Access: A Case Report.

Subglottic stenosis poses a rare but life-threatening risk for difficult tracheal intubation. Here, we report a unique case of undiagnosed subglottic stenosis discovered during emergency intubation of an 80-year-old woman with type 2 respiratory failure from infective exacerbation of asthma. A small calibre size 5.

Moral conviction interacts with metacognitive ability in modulating neural activity during sociopolitical decision-making.

The extent to which a belief is rooted in one's sense of morality has significant societal implications. While moral conviction can inspire positive collective action, it can also prompt dogmatism, intolerance, and societal divisions. Research in social psychology has documented the functional characteristics of moral conviction and shows that poor metacognition exacerbates its negative outcomes.

Unusual salt effects on the time-dependent behavior of charge and shape anisotropic hectorite clay gels: Role of electric double layer (EDL) repulsive force.

Salt strengthened the bond formed and quickened the bonding process of 3-5 wt. % hectorite gels during the structural rejuvenation process. This even occurred at 0.

Ecological risks of sulfonamides and quinolones degradation intermediates: Toxicity, microbial community, and antibiotic resistance genes.

The ecological risks posed by incompletely degraded antibiotic intermediates in aquatic environments warrant significant attention. This study investigated the degradation mechanisms of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) during thermally activated persulfate (TAP) treatment. The main degradation mechanisms for sulfonamides involved S-N bond cleavage and -NH oxidation mediated by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, whereas quinolone degradation occurred primarily through piperazine ring cleavage facilitated by a single linear oxygen.

Activation of PAA at the Fe-N Sites by Boron Nitride Quantum Dots Enhanced Charge Transfer Generates High-Valent Metal-Oxo Species for Antibiotics Degradation.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peracetic acid (PAA) offer a promising strategy to address antibiotic wastewater pollution. In this study, Fe-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanomaterials were used to construct Fe-N sites, and the electronic structure was tuned by boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs), thereby optimizing PAA activation for the degradation of antibiotics. The BNQDs-modified Fe-doped g-CN catalyst (BNQDs-FCN) achieved an excellent reaction rate constant of 0.

Neural responses to social rejection reflect dissociable learning about relational value and reward.

Social rejection hurts, but it can also be informative: Through experiences of acceptance and rejection, people identify partners interested in connecting with them and choose which ties to cement or to sever. What is it that people actually learn from rejection? In social interactions, people can learn from two kinds of information. First, people generally learn from rewarding outcomes, which may include concrete opportunities for interaction.

Rescue of cochlear vascular pathology prevents sensory hair cell loss in Norrie disease.

Variants in the gene cause Norrie disease, a severe dual-sensory disorder characterized by congenital blindness due to disrupted retinal vascular development and progressive hearing loss accompanied by sensory hair cell death. encodes the secreted signaling molecule norrin. The role of norrin in the cochlea is incompletely understood.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Multimodal Techniques: Advances and Perspectives.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a versatile molecular fingerprinting technique with rapid signal readout, high aqueous compatibility, and portability. To translate SERS for real-world applications, it is pertinent to overcome inherent challenges, including high sample variability and heterogeneity, matrix effects, and nonlinear SERS signal responses of different analytes in complex (bio)chemical matrices with numerous interfering species. In this perspective, we highlight emerging SERS-based multimodal techniques to address the key roadblocks to improving the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of (bio)chemical detection, bioimaging, theragnosis, and theragnostic.

Keratoplasty: are children missing out on the lamellar revolution-the 2023 Bowman Club, David L. Easty Lecture.

There has been a growing interest in lamellar keratoplasty over penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of cornea diseases. Children, in particular, may benefit from lamellar keratoplasty due to faster visual recovery, better outcomes, fewer eye drops and earlier amblyopia treatment. This review aims to examine the trends, surgical techniques and outcomes in paediatric lamellar keratoplasty.

Machine learning in microalgae biotechnology for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, applications, and prospects.

This review explores the critical role of machine learning (ML) in enhancing microalgae bioprocesses for sustainable biofuel production. It addresses both technical and economic challenges in commercializing microalgal biofuels and examines how ML can optimize various stages, including identification, classification, cultivation, harvesting, drying, and conversion to biofuels. This review also highlights the integration of ML with technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time monitoring and management of bioprocesses.

Assessing the Efficacy of Cyanobacterial Strains as Growth Biostimulants in Saline Environments.

Soil salinity, which affects plant photosynthesis mechanisms, significantly limits plant productivity. Soil microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, can synthesize various exometabolites that contribute to plant growth and development in several ways. These microorganisms can increase plant tolerance to salt stress by secreting various phytoprotectants; therefore, it is highly relevant to study soil microorganisms adapted to high salinity and investigate their potential to increase plant resistance to salt stress.

Linking digital leadership and employee digital performance in SMEs in China: The chain-mediating role of high-involvement human resource management practice and employee dynamic capability.

Background: In the digital era, the role of digital leadership is becoming increasingly prominent. However, the exploration of the alignment between digital leadership and high-involvement human resource management practices (HI-HRMPs) in influencing employee-based resources remains an overlooked research area among current scholars.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of these elements on the digital performance of employees.

Plasmonic nanoparticle sensors: current progress, challenges, and future prospects.

Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have played a significant role in the evolution of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology in terms of colloidal synthesis, general understanding of nanocrystal growth mechanisms, and their impact in a wide range of applications. They exhibit strong visible colors due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that depends on their size, shape, composition, and the surrounding dielectric environment. Under resonant excitation, the LSPR of plasmonic NPs leads to a strong field enhancement near their surfaces and thus enhances various light-matter interactions.

The Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Overactive Bladder Anticholinergics.

Importance: The pregnancy safety and teratogenicity of overactive bladder (OAB) anticholinergic medications in humans are unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if the use of OAB anticholinergics during pregnancy was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes or congenital malformation.

Study Design: Using routinely collected health care data from Ontario, Canada, we conducted a retrospective cohort study and identified women aged 18-45 years who gave birth between 2004 and 2022 and were eligible for provincial drug benefits.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) prediction model based on limited peat samples using an evolved artificial neural network.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are involuntary by-products of incomplete combustion and are highly toxic to humans and the environment. The Malaysian peat is often acidic or extremely acidic having high levels of chlorine and/or other organic acids that act as catalysts or precursors in PCDD/Fs formation. This study aims to predict PCDD/Fs emissions in peat soil using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach based on limited emission data and selected physico-chemical properties.

Intersubject correlations in reward and mentalizing brain circuits separately predict persuasiveness of two types of ISIS video propaganda.

The Islamist group ISIS has been particularly successful at recruiting Westerners as terrorists. A hypothesized explanation is their simultaneous use of two types of propaganda: Heroic narratives, emphasizing individual glory, alongside Social narratives, which emphasize oppression against Islamic communities. In the current study, functional MRI was used to measure brain responses to short ISIS propaganda videos distributed online.

Dissecting the ecological risks of sulfadiazine degradation intermediates under different advanced oxidation systems: From toxicity to the fate of antibiotic resistance genes.

The incomplete degradation of antibiotics in water can produce intermediates that carry environmental risks and thus warrant concerns. In this study, the degradation of high concentrations of antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ) by advanced oxidation processes that leverage different reactive oxide species was systematically evaluated in terms of the influence of different degradation intermediates on the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The ozone, persulfate, and photocatalytic oxidation systems for SDZ degradation are dominated by ozone, direct electron transfer, and singlet oxygen, hole, and superoxide radicals, respectively.

Direct Evidence of Electric Double Layer (EDL) Repulsive Force Being Responsible for the Time-Dependent Behavior of Clay Gels in the Structural Rejuvenation Mode.

A strong EDL repulsive force is needed to accentuate the time-dependent behavior of charge and shape anisotropic clay gels at the stepdown shear rate. This force was strengthened by PO adsorption, increasing the negative charge density of the clay particles. At the stepdown shear rate of 10 s, it is strong enough to disrupt the flow-aligned structure attained at 1000 s and orient the particles to form more bonds.

Advances and challenges in the removal of organic pollutants via sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes by Fe-based metal-organic frameworks: A review.

Organic contaminants, notorious for their complexity and resistance to degradation, are prevalent in aquatic environments, posing severe threats to ecosystems. Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs), known for their stability and high effectiveness, have become a common choice for treating organic wastewater. Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs) have garnered substantial attention due to their facile chemical manipulation, unique structural configurations, and other favorable properties.

Development of a Machine Learning Model to Predict the Color of Extruded Thermoplastic Resins.

The conventional method for the color-matching process involves the compounding of polymers with pigments and then preparing plaques by using injection molding before measuring the color by an offline spectrophotometer. If the color fails to meet the L*, a*, and b* standards, the color-matching process must be repeated. In this study, the aim is to develop a machine learning model that is capable of predicting offline color using data from inline color measurements, thereby significantly reducing the time that is required for the color-matching process.

Unlocking digital potential: Exploring the drivers of employee dynamic capability on employee digital performance in Chinese SMEs-moderation effect of competitive climate.

While dynamic capabilities have been described as crucial for achieving organizational performance in dynamic environments, there has been limited scholarly distinction between dynamic capabilities and employee dynamic capabilities (EDC), especially in the digital era. Consequently, a knowledge gap has emerged. To address this void, this paper aims to investigate the driving factors of EDC and their impact on employee digital performance (EDP).