Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infestation: An Updated Review.

Background: Pinworm infestation is an important public health problem worldwide, especially among children 5 to 10 years of age in developing countries with temperate climates. The problem is often overlooked because of its mild or asymptomatic clinical manifestations.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to familiarize pediatricians with the diagnosis and management of pinworm infestation.

Childhood guttate psoriasis: an updated review.

Background: Guttate psoriasis is common and affects 0.5-2% of individuals in the paediatric age group. This review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis and proper management of guttate psoriasis.

Tinea pedis: an updated review.

Background: Tinea pedis is one of the most common superficial fungal infections of the skin, with various clinical manifestations. This review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical features, diagnosis and management of tinea pedis.

Methods: A search was conducted in April 2023 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms 'tinea pedis' OR 'athlete's foot'.

Erythema Infectiosum: A Narrative Review.

Background: Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide. School-aged children are most often affected. Since the diagnosis is mainly clinical, physicians should be well-versed in the clinical manifestations of erythema infectiosum to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary investigations, and mismanagement of the disease.

Pimecrolimus for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: An Asian Perspective.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic, multisystem inflammatory skin disease in pediatric patients. There has been an increase in the incidence of AD in the pediatric population of the Asia-Pacific region. Studies have shown that genetic, epigenetic, environmental and cultural factors may lead to differences in the clinical manifestation and prevalence of AD between races.

Infantile vitiligo and alopecia in immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome.

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) is characterized by failure to thrive, severe chronic diarrhea, neonatal type 1 diabetes or thyroiditis, and eczematous dermatitis. We report a patient with infantile onset IPEX syndrome who developed vitiligo, alopecia, and chronic diarrhea. Awaiting stem cell transplant, he had multiple episodes of sepsis and succumbed at the age of 10 months.

Acanthosis Nigricans: An Updated Review.

Background: Early recognition of acanthosis nigricans is important because acanthosis nigricans can be a cutaneous manifestation of a variety of systemic disorders and, rarely, as a sign of internal malignancy.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of acanthosis nigricans.

Methods: A search was conducted in November 2021in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "acanthosis nigricans".

Poor sleep quality in children with atopic dermatitis and its effects on behavior: A multicenter cross-sectional study from a low-middle-income country.

Background: Sleep disturbance in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently goes unnoticed and can be associated with behavioral challenges. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbance and behavioral problems and (b) the correlation between sleep disturbance and behavioral problems in children with AD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved children aged 4-12 years old with moderate to severe AD.

Roseola Infantum: An Updated Review.

Background: Roseola infantum is a common viral disease that occurs during childhood worldwide.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations, evaluation, diagnosis, and management of roseola infantum.

Methods: A search was conducted in April, 2022, in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key terms "roseola infantum" OR "exanthem subitum" OR "sixth disease".

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral disease in childhood. Because the disease has the potential to reach epidemic levels and mortality is high in some countries, early recognition of this disease is of paramount importance.

Objective: This purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations and management of hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Uncovering incontinentia pigmenti: From DNA sequence to pathophysiology.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X-linked dominant genodermatosis. The disease is known to be caused by recurrent deletion of exons 4-10 of the Inhibitor Of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Kinase Regulatory Subunit Gamma ( gene located at the Xq28 chromosomal region, which encodes for NEMO/IKKgamma, a regulatory protein involved in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. NF-κB plays a prominent role in the modulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Methotrexate in the Treatment of Severe Paediatric Alopecia Areata.

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, autoimmune condition affecting hair follicles, and its occurrence in the paediatric population is associated with poorer prognosis and limited treatment options compared to adults. Treatment with oral methotrexate (MTX) has been documented in adults, but there is a paucity of data for its use in the paediatric population. We aimed to study the efficacy and tolerability of MTX in severe paediatric AA.

Xeroderma pigmentosum: an updated review.

Background: Early recognition of xeroderma pigmentosum is important to minimize the complications arising from the harmful effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This narrative review aims to familiarize physicians with the clinical features, diagnosis and management of xeroderma pigmentosum.

Methods: A search was conducted in December 2021 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "xeroderma pigmentosum".

Paediatrics: how to manage pediculosis capitis.

Background: Pediculosis capitis is a common human parasitic infestation in childhood. This article aims to provide a narrative updated review on the management of pediculosis capitis.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key terms "pediculosis capitis" OR "head lice" OR "head louse".

Tinea Imbricata among the Indigenous Communities: Current Global Epidemiology and Research Gaps Associated with Host Genetics and Skin Microbiota.

Tinea imbricata is a unique fungal skin disease that mostly affects indigenous populations in Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Central and South America. The control and management of this disease among these communities are challenging given their remote locations, certain traditional practices, and severe malnutrition status. To date, there are only a handful of reports published globally, which highlights the need for a more holistic approach in addressing this skin disease.