Evaluating Hydroxyapatite, Gold Nanoparticles, and Graphene-Copper as Bimodal Agents for X-ray and Computed Tomography.

A global need exists for new and more effective contrast agents for computed tomography and traditional X-ray modalities. Among the few options available nowadays, limitations imposed by industrial production, performance, and efficacy restrict the use and reduce the potential of both imaging techniques. The use of nanomaterials as new contrast agents for X-ray and computed tomography is an innovative and viable way to increase the options and enhance performance.

Technical Note: Fricke dosimetry for blood irradiators.

Purpose: The Fricke dosimeter has been shown to be a viable option as an absorbed dose standard. This work aims to provide the dose distribution in an irradiator container during blood irradiation using Fricke dosimetry.

Methods: Measurements were performed using a Gammacell Elan 3000 blood irradiator at Hemocenter in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.