Strategies employed and experiences associated with the implementation of pharmaceutical services and interventions in geriatric wards: A scoping review.

Evidence indicates a lack of clarity regarding the contributions of interventions aimed at optimizing pharmacotherapy, primarily guided by pharmaceutical care, for clinically significant improvements in older individuals. Thus, there is a need to deepen the understanding of this scenario and the factors involved. Therefore, this study aims to map and summarize scientific evidence regarding experiences and strategies employed in providing pharmaceutical services and interventions in geriatric wards.

Consumption patterns and factors associated with inappropriate prescribing of benzodiazepines in Primary Health Care settings.

Background: Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed to treat anxiety and insomnia, but long-term use has been associated with the development of dependence, tolerance, and cognitive decline, especially among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of consumption and factors associated with inappropriate prescribing of benzodiazepines in primary health care.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study, using dispensing records of diazepam, clonazepam, and nitrazepam from public pharmacies in a Brazilian municipality between 2018 and 2022.

An Analysis of Drug-Related Problems in the Neurology Ward of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Drugs that act on the central nervous system have a high potential to cause drug-related problems (DRPs). A clinical pharmacist aided by collaborative efforts within an interdisciplinary healthcare team can prevent, detect, and resolve DRPs, thereby contributing to the promotion of medication safety and improving the quality of life of individuals under care. This study aimed to assess DRPs identified in the neurology ward of a tertiary hospital from February 2016 to November 2019.

Pharmacotherapy assessment and adverse drug reactions in older patients admitted to intensive care.

Introduction: Older patients are more susceptible to medication use, and physiological changes resulting from aging and organic dysfunctions presented by critically ill patients may alter the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic behavior. Thus, critically ill older people present greater vulnerability to the occurrence of pharmacotherapeutic problems.

Objective: To evaluate pharmacotherapy and the development of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Prediction of adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients admitted to intensive care units.

Introduction: Intensive Care Units (ICUs) pose challenges in managing critically-ill patients with polypharmacy, potentially leading to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), particularly in the elderly.

Objective: To evaluate whether the severity and clinical prognosis scores used in ICUs correlate with the prediction of ADRs in aged patients admitted to an ICU.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian University Hospital ICU.

Analysis of clinical outcomes in older individuals who received pharmaceutical care and posthospital discharge follow-up.

Background: Previous evidence underscores the need to assess potential clinical outcomes resulting from pharmaceutical care interventions and to monitor patient's progress to evaluate their clinical evolution, which is crucial for bolstering the relevance of implementing pharmaceutical care in healthcare services.

Aims: To conduct an in-depth analysis of pharmaceutical care practices in a geriatric ward and monitor the clinical outcomes of older people served.

Methods: This interventionist study was conducted in the geriatrics ward of a Brazilian university hospital.

Learning demands of diabetes self-management: a qualitative study with people who use insulin.

Objective: to understand the experiences with diabetes mellitus management of people who use insulin, in order to identify possible factors that may influence adherence to self-care and thus define their learning demands for diabetes self-management.

Method: this is a qualitative study carried out using individual semi-structured interviews online. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and evaluated using Atlas.

Prediction of adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients admitted to intensive care units.

Introduction: Intensive care units (ICUs) pose challenges in managing critically ill patients with polypharmacy, potentially leading to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), particularly in the elderly.

Objective: To evaluate whether the severity and clinical prognosis scores used in ICUs correlate with the prediction of ADRs in aged patients admitted to an ICU.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian University Hospital ICU.

Instruments to assess diabetes knowledge, skills and attitudes of people living with diabetes mellitus: A COSMIN-based systematic review.

Aims: Since knowledge, skills, and attitudes influence the adherence to self-care behaviours, the purpose of this review was to identify available instruments that measure diabetes knowledge, skills or attitudes of people living with this health condition and to evaluate their measurement properties.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments.

Clinical pharmacy in hospital palliative medicine: non-randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of pharmaceutical care on hospital indicators and clinical outcomes of palliative care (PC) patients admitted to a secondary hospital.

Methods: A non-randomised clinical trial was carried out in the PC ward of a secondary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Pharmaceutical care for all patients aged 18 and above, admitted between October 2021 and March 2022, with stays exceeding 48 hours, was provided.

Validated medication deprescribing instruments for patients with palliative care needs palliative care: A systematic review.

Objectives: Patients with life-limiting illnesses are prone to unnecessary polypharmacy. Deprescribing tools may contribute to minimizing negative outcomes. Thus, the aims of the study were to identify validated instruments for deprescribing inappropriate medications for patients with palliative care needs and to assess the impact on clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes.

A Scoping Review of Pharmacists' and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes in Medical Emergencies.

Objectives: Competence can be defined as a set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In a medical emergency scenario, competent pharmacists are increasingly required, mainly as a result of the expansion of professional functions in this context. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map the scientific evidence that shows the development of knowledge and/or skills, and/or attitudes in the training of pharmacists and pharmacy students to work in emergency care.

Validated medication deprescribing instruments for patients with palliative care needs: a systematic review.

Objectives: Patients with life-limiting illnesses are prone to unnecessary polypharmacy. Deprescribing tools may contribute to minimizing negative outcomes. Thus, the aims of the study were to identify validated instruments for deprescribing inappropriate medications for patients with palliative care needs and to assess the impact on clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes.

Experiences and strategies adopted for the implementation of pharmaceutical services in hospital geriatric units: A scoping review protocol.

Background: Pharmaceutical care is considered an important pillar for promoting the rational and safe use of medicines. Consequently, it constitutes actions of practices capable of reducing morbidity and mortality induced by pharmacotherapy. On the other hand, pharmaceutical services may face several barriers related to the implementation of these practices.

Selection dynamics of HCV genotype 3 resistance-associated substitutions under direct-acting antiviral therapy pressure.

The chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment is currently based on the use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), and patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 (GT3) have emerged as a more difficult-to-cure population. The NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir (DCV) and sofosbuvir (SOF), an NS5B viral polymerase inhibitor, are among the drugs that compose more effective and safer treatment regimens. The virus genetic variability is related to resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) that adversely impact DAAs effectiveness.

[Central nervous system adverse events potentially associated with drugs used for COVID-19: scoping reviewEventos adversos en el sistema nervioso central potencialmente relacionados con los medicamentos para tratar la COVID-19: revisión exploratoria].

Objective: To identify central nervous system (CNS) adverse events potentially associated with prophylaxis or drug treatment for COVID-19, and to describe the characteristic of the individuals affected.

Methods: A scoping review was performed using a search strategy to retrieve articles from PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, CINAHL and BVS databases. Studies reporting on individuals receiving prophylactic or curative drugs for COVID-19 with at least one CNS adverse event were included.

Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in emergency hospital services in Brazil: A scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the evidence of pharmacist-led  medication reconciliation in hospital emergency services in Brazil.

Method: We performed a scoping review by searching electronic databases LILACS, Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical  trials, REBEC e Cochrane and conducting a manual search to identify studies published up to 20 October 2021. Studies that addressed pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in hospital emergency  services in Brazil, regardless of clinical conditions, and outcomes evaluated,  were included.

Protocol for the implementation of pharmaceutical care in geriatrics: strategy for safety in health care.

Objective: To describe the experience of the implementation of pharmaceutical care in a geriatric hospital unit and to propose an instructional protocol for the practice.

Methods: Experience report that became the practice manual of pharmaceutical care in geriatrics (MaP-CFarmaGeri) of a Brazilian hospital and was structured in three topics (1. Situational diagnosis; 2.

Contribution of Pharmaceutical Care to Person-centered Health Care and the Safety of Pharmacotherapy for Hospitalized Older Individuals in Brazil: An Investigative Single-arm Intervention Trial.

Background: Adverse drug events (ADE) and medication errors (ME) provide large numbers of victims. Older people are more susceptible to these events, due to the continuing search for several chronic degenerative disease treatments. The Third Global Patient Safety Challenge announced the objective of reducing unnecessary polypharmacy, encouraging deprescription, and aiming to ensure the prescription of medications in an appropriate manner, based on the best evidence and taking into account the individual factors of people.

Hospitalizations of older people in an emergency department related to potential medication-induced hyperactive delirium: a cross-sectional study.

Background Although delirium is one of the most common adverse drug reactions observed in hospitalized older people, it remains underdiagnosed. Aim To estimate the prevalence of hospitalization of older people with potential medication-induced hyperactive delirium in the emergency department (ED); to identify the risk factors and the medicines frequently associated with the occurrence of the syndrome. Method A cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed with older people (age ≥ 60) admitted in 2018 to a Brazilian ED.

Can pharmacotherapeutic follow-up after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improve medication compliance?

Background: Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT) is currently one of the most effective therapies in onco-hematology. For the treatment of the disease and prevention of such complications, a complex pharmacotherapeutic regimen is employed. Non-compliance is prevalent among adolescents and young adults with chronic hematological diseases, being reported by up to 50% of the patients.

Impact of the insertion of the clinical pharmacist in the Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation team.

Introduction: Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation (allo-HSCT) is capable of curing patients with neoplastic or non-neoplastic hematologic disorders or of prolonging their survival. This study assessed if the insertion of the clinical pharmacist in the allo-HSCT team modified the outcomes: transplantation-related mortality, grafting failure, incidence of Graft versus Host Disease, hospitalization time, time for grafting, number of readmissions, number of drug-related problems (DRPs), adherence and knowledge about pharmacotherapy.

Methods: Interventional study with historical control carried out in an allo-HSCT unit, in which the intervention group (IG) included 33 individuals who received pharmacotherapy follow-up.