Treatment with tofacitinib attenuates muscle loss through myogenin activation in the collagen-induced arthritis.

Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease characterized by reduction of muscle strength and muscle mass. In RA, 25.9 to 43.

Eating behavior and dietary practices are associated with age, sex, body mass index, and body fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension in Brazil.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and obesity are major contributors to global mortality. This study aimed to evaluate eating behavior and dietary practices among individuals with T2DM and/or hypertension, examining their associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. We hypothesized that these factors may contribute to body mass index (BMI) and body fat (BF) levels in these individuals.

Standardized phase angle: relationship with functionality, muscle mass and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients.

To evaluate the association of standardized phase angle (SPA) with nutritional status, functional parameters, and postoperative outcomes in surgical cancer patients. This prospective study includes 59 cancer patients from Pelotas (Brazil) admitted for elective cancer surgery. We obtained the phase angle through Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and standardized it according to the population's reference values.

Maternal determinants of dietary patterns in infancy and early childhood in the Growing up in New Zealand cohort.

Given the importance of diet in early life, assessing children's diet is crucial to guide interventions. Using data from a nationally generalizable New Zealand (NZ) birth cohort we examined children's dietary patterns at 9- (n = 6259), 24- (n = 6292), and 54-months (n = 6131), and their association with maternal sociodemographic and health behaviours. At each time-point, children's dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis.

Phase angle, physical quality of life and functionality in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Introduction: Nutritional deficiency, especially malnutrition, is frequent in cancer patients and is associated with changes in body composition, such as low muscle mass. Phase angle (PhA) has been used as a prognostic indicator and may be related to nutritional status, functionality, and quality of life in these patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of chemotherapy treatment on PhA values, comparing the PhA variation before and after treatment, and to evaluate the PhA correlation, as a muscle mass surrogate, with the physical domain of quality of life, functionality, and nutritional risk in a sample of patients with cancer.

Changes in Physical Performance among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Six Years.

Changes in physical performance (PP) occur with aging, and understanding the magnitude of these changes over time is important. This study evaluated changes in Gait Speed (GS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance and their association with related factors among community-dwelling older adults over a period of five to six years. A cohort study of 476 older adults with baseline assessment conducted in 2014 and reassessment in 2019-2020 was carried out.

Changes in physical function over time in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A cohort study.

Introduction: Self-reported disability is potentially influenced by many factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this sense, we evaluated the association between self-reported disability and (1) clinical features, (2) muscle strength and (3) physical performance over time among patients with RA from two distinct patient cohorts.

Materials And Methods: Two independent prospective RA cohorts were analyzed.

Sugar sweetened beverages intake and risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in longitudinal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis with 1.5 million individuals.

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are associated with adverse outcomes in adults and understanding the strength, consistency and biological gradient of the association between SSB consumption and health-related outcomes is important. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) intake and obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke) in adults.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for articles published until December 2021 in the Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases (PROSPERO CRD42021234206).

Physical frailty in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy and fibrosis of several organs, such as skin, lungs, and heart. During the disease course, patients with SSc are prone to accumulating multiple organ damage and increasing their vulnerability to adverse outcomes. This increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes when exposed to a stressor among people of the same age is known as frailty.

Child feeding indexes measuring adherence to New Zealand nutrition guidelines: Development and assessment.

New Zealand (NZ) lacks nationally representative or generalisable information on the dietary intakes of pre-schoolers. We used Growing Up in New Zealand cohort data to i) develop child feeding indexes (CFIs) based on National Food and Nutrition Guidelines for 2- and 4.5-year-olds; ii) describe the cohort adherence to the guidelines at 2 (n = 6046) and 4.

A Review of Metabolomic Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Bringing New Insights in Disease Pathogenesis, Treatment and Comorbidities.

Metabolomic analysis provides a wealth of information that can be predictive of distinctive phenotypes of pathogenic processes and has been applied to better understand disease development. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with the establishment of chronic synovial inflammation that affects joints and peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and bone. There is a lack of useful disease biomarkers to track disease activity, drug response and follow-up in RA.

Relationship between sleep duration and quality and mental health before and during COVID-19 pandemic: Results of population-based studies in Brazil.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and quality and mental health before and amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Data from two population-based cross-sectional studies conducted in 2019 and 2020 with adults in Criciúma, Southern Brazil. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen major depressive episodes, while the perceived stress scale was used to assess perceived stress.

Alcohol Consumption and Smoking During Covid-19 Pandemic: Association with Sociodemographic, Behavioral, and Mental Health Characteristics.

The Covid-19 pandemic is related to increased alcohol consumption and smoking. These behaviors may be related to several sociodemographic, behavioral and mental health factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking with sociodemographic, behavioral and mental health characteristics.

Inequalities in Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report on 4 Consecutive Population-Based Surveys in Southern Brazil.

Background: This study aims to investigate inequalities in leisure-time physical activity (PA) practice amid the COVID-19 pandemic in a southern Brazilian city.

Methods: Four repeated population-based surveys were carried out. PA was collected using a questionnaire proposed by the authors and an adapted version of the leisure-time section of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Morphological Parameters in Quadriceps Muscle Were Associated with Clinical Features and Muscle Strength of Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, inflammatory and chronic disease that may lead to loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and decreased functionality. Our objectives are to assess the quadriceps muscle morphology by ultrasound (MU) and verify its associations with clinical features, muscle strength and physical function in RA patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, RA women (≥18 years) were included.

Regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests in Brazilian state capitals in 2019: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess regional and social inequalities in mammography and Papanicolaou tests.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 Chronic Disease Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance Telephone Survey (Vigitel). The outcome variables were mammography and cytopathology test.

Association between food insecurity and major depressive episodes amid Covid-19 pandemic: results of four consecutive epidemiological surveys from southern Brazil.

Objective: To assess the association between household food insecurity (FI) and major depressive episodes (MDE) amid Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Design: Cross-sectional study carried out with data from four consecutive population-based studies.

Setting: The study was conducted between May and June 2020, in Bagé, a Brazilian southern city.

Double Burden of Malnutrition and Inequalities in the Nutritional Status of Adults: A Population-Based Study in Brazil, 2019.

To describe the inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in the adult population. Study carried out with data from the VIGITEL study, conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian capitals. Underweight and excess weight were evaluated on the basis of years of schooling and age.

'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohydrochoerus', a novel hemoplasma species in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Brazil.

Three different species of hemoplasmas have been described in rodents, Mycoplasma coccoides, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosphiggurus'. Additionally, potentially novel hemoplasma species have been detected in wild rodents from Brazil, including capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Capybaras are the largest rodent in the world and are well adapted to live within close proximity to humans, which increases the risk to spread of zoonotic pathogens.

Prematurity and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 birth cohorts.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies.

Methods: Gestational age (GA), defined by the date of the last menstrual period (categorized in ≤33, 34-36, and ≥ 37 weeks), was gathered in the first 24-h after delivery for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004, 1993 and 1982. Body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography.

Practical screening tools for sarcopenia in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Introduction: In view of the method of diagnosing sarcopenia being complex and considered to be difficult to introduce into routine practice, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommends the use of the SARC-F questionnaire as a way to introduce assessment and treatment of sarcopenia into clinical practice. Only recently, some studies have turned their attention to the presence of sarcopenia in systemic sclerosis (SSc).There is no data about performance of SARC-F and other screening tests for sarcopenia in this population.

2 + 2 (+ 2) = 4: A new approach for appendicular muscle mass assessment by ultrasound.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop new appendicular lean mass (ALM) prediction models based on ultrasound and anthropometric measurements.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional assessment of a subsample from a population-based study (COMO VAI?), conducted with community-dwelling individuals ≥60 y of age living in a southern Brazilian city. ALM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).