Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 agonist GP1a attenuates macrophage activation induced by M. bovis-BCG by inhibiting NF-ĸB signaling.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major public health problem. Immune evasion mechanisms and antibiotic resistance highlight the need to better understand this disease and explore alternative treatment approaches. Mycobacterial infection modulates the macrophage response and metabolism to persist and proliferate inside the cell.

Betulinic Acid Acts in Synergism with Imatinib Mesylate, Triggering Apoptosis in MDR Leukemia Cells.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease, characterized by the presence of the oncogene BCR-ABL. Imatinib mesylate (IMA) is the first-line treatment for CML, and some treatment resistance has been reported. Natural products are rich sources of bioactive compounds with biological effects, opening a possibility to alter cell susceptibility to drugs such as imatinib.

Antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities of new chloroquine and primaquine hybrids: Targeting the blockade of malaria parasite transmission.

Malaria is a disease that requires new drugs not only to fight Plasmodium but also to reduce symptoms of infection such as fever and inflammation. A series of 21 hybrid compounds were designed from chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ) linked to the pharmacophoric group present in phenylacetic anti-inflammatory drugs. These compounds were designed to have dual activity: namely, to be capable of killing Plasmodium and still act on the inflammatory process caused by malaria infection.

Methyl gallate attenuates inflammation induced by Toll-like receptor ligands by inhibiting MAPK and NF-Κb signaling pathways.

Objective And Design: Methyl gallate (MG) is a prevalent polyphenol in the plant kingdom, which may be related to the effects of several medicinal plants. Although it is widely reported that polyphenols have therapeutic effects, there are few studies demonstrating that MG has anti-inflammatory action. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of MG and its effect on hyperalgesia.

Increased expression of CDKN1A/p21 in HIV-1 controllers is correlated with upregulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1.

Background: Some multifunctional cellular proteins, as the monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (ZC3H12A/MCPIP1) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A/p21, are able to modulate the cellular susceptibility to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Several studies showed that CDKN1A/p21 is expressed at high levels ex vivo in cells from individuals who naturally control HIV-1 replication (HIC) and a recent study supports a coordinate regulation of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 transcripts in a model of renal carcinoma cells. Here, we explored the potential associations between mRNA expression of ZC3H12A/MCPIP1 and CDKN1A/p21 in HIC sustaining undetectable (elite controllers-EC) or low (viremic controllers-VC) viral loads.

Thiophenacetamide as a potential modulator to NF-κB: structure and dynamics study using and molecular biology assays.

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays critical roles in the regulation of many pathophysiological processes, including inflammation and immune responses, cell growth and apoptosis. This DNA-binding protein receptor is considered an important molecular target to treat many diseases through host-directed therapy. In this line, several drugs containing thiophene cores have been extensively evaluated due to their ability to interfere on NF-κB translocation to the nucleus.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Methyl Gallate on Experimental Arthritis: Inhibition of Neutrophil Recruitment, Production of Inflammatory Mediators, and Activation of Macrophages.

Methyl gallate (MG) is a prevalent phenolic acid in the plant kingdom, and its presence in herbal medicines might be related to its remarkable biological effects, such as its antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. Although some indirect evidence suggests anti-inflammatory activity for MG, there are no studies demonstrating this effect in animal models. Herein, we demonstrated that MG (0.

Effect of gedunin on acute articular inflammation and hypernociception in mice.

Gedunin, a natural limonoid from Meliaceae species, has been previously described as an antiinflammatory compound in experimental models of allergic inflammation. Here, we report the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of gedunin in an acute model of articular inflammation induced by zymosan (500 μg/cavity; intra-articular) in C57BL/6 mice. Intraperitoneal (i.

Lipoxin A4 attenuates endothelial dysfunction during experimental cerebral malaria.

A breakdown of the brain-blood barrier (BBB) due to endothelial dysfunction is a primary feature of cerebral malaria (CM). Lipoxins (LX) are specialized pro-resolving mediators that attenuate endothelial dysfunction in different vascular beds. It has already been shown that LXA4 prolonged Plasmodium berghei-infected mice survival by a mechanism that depends on inhibiting IL-12 production and CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells in brain tissue; however, the effects of this treatment on endothelial dysfunction induced during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) remains to be elucidated.

Zeyheria montana Mart. (Bignoniaceae) as source of antioxidant and immunomodulatory compounds with beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation.

Objectives: Zeyheria montana is a medicinal plant used in Brazilian folk medicine for treating skin affections, ulcers, inflammation and diarrhoea, and as an antisyphilitic and antiblenorrhagic agent, but little is known about its mechanisms of action. Herein, a bio-guided assay was carried out to further evaluate its antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, and the possible benefits on experimental intestinal inflammation.

Methods: Extracts, partitions, fractions and isolated compounds were tested for inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne: A tropical medicinal plant with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in TNBS model of intestinal inflammation in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Stem bark and fruit pulp of Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart ex. Hayne (Fabaceae) has been popularly used to treat inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases including ulcers, diarrhea and gastric pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol extract derived from the stem bark and diet with fruit pulp of Hymenaea stigonocarpa in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation in rats.

Antioxidant and intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of plant-derived coumarin derivatives.

Background: Coumarins, also known as benzopyrones, are plant-derived products with several pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Based on the wide distribution of coumarin derivatives in plant-based foods and beverages in the human diet, our objective was to evaluate both the antioxidant and intestinal anti-inflammatory activities of six coumarin derivatives of plant origin (scopoletin, scoparone, fraxetin, 4-methyl-umbeliferone, esculin and daphnetin) to verify if potential intestinal anti-inflammatory activity was related to antioxidant properties.

Methods: Intestinal inflammation was induced by intracolonic instillation of TNBS in rats.

Photoprotective and antioxidant effects of Rhubarb: inhibitory action on tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase activities and TNF-α, IL-1α and α-MSH production in human melanocytes.

Background: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes various forms of acute and chronic skin damage, including immunosuppression, inflammation, premature aging and photodamage. Furthermore, it induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, produces proinflammatory cytokines and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and increases tyrosinase activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential photoprotective effects of Rheum rhaponticum L.

Epicatechin used in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disease: an analysis by experimental models.

Background. This study was pathway of (-)-epicatechin (EC) in the prevention and treatment of intestine inflammation in acute and chronic rat models. Methods.

Dietary intervention with narrow-leaved cattail rhizome flour (Typha angustifolia L.) prevents intestinal inflammation in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the intestinal epithelium that is driven by the intestinal immune system, oxidative stress and the loss of tolerance to the luminal microbiota. The use of dietary products containing ingredients such as fibres and carbohydrates and/or antioxidant compounds have been used as a therapeutic strategy for intestinal diseases because these products are considered effective in the modulation of the immune system and colonic microbiota. We investigated the beneficial effects of cattail rhizome flour (Typha angustifolia L.

Cordia verbenacea and secretion of mast cells in different animal species.

Ethnopharmacology Relevance: Different plant species from Cordia genera are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory medication throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Brazil, Cordia verbenacea is a medicinal plant known as "erva-baleeira". The alcoholic extracts, decoctions and infusions with leaves of C.

Antiproliferative activity of three methoxylated flavonoids isolated from Zeyheria montana Mart. (Bignoniaceae) leaves.

The present study isolated three major active flavonoids, two flavones named 4',5,7-trimethoxy-luteolin (1) and 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone (2) and the flavanone 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone (3) from Zeyheria montana dichloromethane leaf extract. Isolation and purification were conducted with the application of column chromatography and structures were assigned by spectral analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against human tumor cell lines UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-ADR/RES (breast expressing phenotype multiple drug resistance), 786-0 (renal), NCI-H460 (lung, non-small cells), PC-3 (prostate), OVCAR-3 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon) and K562 (leukemia) in vitro.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of esculetin and 4-methylesculetin in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis.

Coumarins comprise a broad class of phenolic compounds that influences the formation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species and the processes involving free radical-mediated injury. In light of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of esculetin and 4-methylesculetin, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these compounds in an experimental model of rat colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS). For this purpose, macroscopic (diarrhoea, extension of lesion, colonic weight/length ratio and damage score) and biochemical parameters (myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glutathione) were evaluated.

Antioxidative action of methanolic extract and buthanolic fraction of Vochysia tucanorum Mart. in the gastroprotection.

Aim Of The Study: Vochysia tucanorum is an important medicinal plant used in the Cerrado of Brazil against gastric disorders and this study reveals the pharmacological action of this traditional medicine use.

Materials And Methods: The methanolic extract (E-MeOH) and buthanolic fraction (Fr-Bu) obtained from V. tucanorum were challenged by different necrotizing agents in rodents.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of coumarin and 4-hydroxycoumarin in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis.

Coumarins represent an important class of phenolic compounds with multiple biological activities, including inhibition of lipidic peroxidation and neutrophil-dependent anion superoxide generation, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressor actions. All of these proprieties are essential for that a drug may be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The present study examined intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of coumarin and its derivative, the 4-hydroxycoumarin on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats.

Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic and analgesic activities of Cordia verbenacea DC. (Boraginaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cordia verbenacea is a medicinal plant popularly used in Brazil as anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and anti-rheumatic agent without detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies.

Aim Of The Study: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of Cordia verbenacea in antiulcer, analgesic and antioxidant assays, as well as to evaluate its toxic effects and phytochemical profile.

Material And Methods: Antiulcer activity of plant extract was evaluated using ethanol/HCl, ethanol and piroxican-induced gastric lesions methods.

Gastroprotective effect of Cissus sicyoides (Vitaceae): involvement of microcirculation, endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide.

Aim Of The Study: Cissus sicyoides L. is a medicinal plant popularly known in Brazil against various diseases and the research interest in this plant is justifiable because of its potential medicinal value in stomachache and gastric ulcer.

Materials And Methods: The methanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (Cc) was evaluated for the ability to protect the gastric mucosa against injuries caused by necrotizing agents (0.