The Usefulness of the Kidney-to-Aorta Ratio in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease .

The kidney length (KL) to aortic diameter (AoD) ratio (KL/AoD) has been proposed as an ultrasonographic objective method to assess renal dimensions. However, its wide range of normal values limits sensitivity. Of note, its clinical utility in detecting renal disease has not been investigated.

Morphometrical and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Kidney as an Indirect Parameter to Estimate Age in Puppies in Veterinary Forensic Pathology.

Estimation of age represents a central focus in the veterinary forensic pathology field. Currently, the visual examination of the dentition and the skeletal age are the main methods to estimate the age of puppies. Nevertheless, these methods are affected by a broad range of variables.

Electroretinography, Ocular Ultrasonography, and Phacoemulsification of Bilateral Cataracts in Two Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles () of the Mediterranean Region.

Bilateral cataracts were diagnosed in two rescued juvenile, immature loggerhead sea turtles (), weighing 1.65 and 1.7 kg.

Computed Tomographic Assessment of Pituitary Gland Dimensions in Domestic Short-Haired Cats.

The detection of subtle changes in the pituitary dimensions has relevant clinical implications. In cats, a few studies have established the cut-off values of the pituitary gland's dimensions using small and inhomogeneous samples. The aims of this study were: to determine by computed tomography (CT) the pituitary linear dimensions and the pituitary-to-brain (P:B) ratio in a sample of domestic short-haired (DSH) cats; to assess the effects of sex, age, and weight on pituitary dimensions; and to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer agreement for such measurements.

Retrobulbar Filling for Enophthalmos Treatment in Dogs: Technique, Description and Computed-Tomographic Evaluation. Preliminary Cadaveric Study.

A new therapeutic approach for enophthalmos may be retrobulbar lipofilling. This study aims to standardize the intraconal filling technique and to evaluate the degree of eyeball displacement by computed tomography (CT). Skull CT was performed on six dog cadavers before and after intraconal injection of two 5% iodinated, viscoelastic solutions, one per eye, using an ultrasound-guided supratemporal approach.

Efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin combined with doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs.

Background: Several studies in both experimentally and naturally infected dogs have reported the adulticide effect of a combination of macrocyclic lactones and doxycycline against Dirofilaria immitis, showing that these protocols can be used as an alternative to melarsomine. The present study evaluated the efficacy of oral, topical and extended-release injectable formulations of moxidectin when combined with doxycycline in dogs naturally infected with D. immitis from a shelter located in southern Italy.

Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine.

Radiography and ultrasonography are the most used techniques in veterinary clinical practice, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economic reasons. However, in the last decades, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and, to a lesser extent, Nuclear Medicine (MN) are increasingly used. As we said in the previous article, all the Diagnostic Imaging techniques are actually "indispensable" in Veterinary Medicine, where many patients do not show any symptoms.

Symblepharon, Ankyloblepharon, and Salt Gland Dysfunction in a Loggerhead Sea Turtle ().

Adhesions involving the bulbar and the palpebral conjunctiva (Symblepharon) may interfere with tear drainage, cause chronic conjunctivitis, and reduce ocular motility. This condition may be associated with adhesion of the edges of the upper and lower eyelids (ankyloblepharon). The present case describes bilateral symblepharon, ankyloblepharon and salt gland dysfunction in a juvenile .

Description of a low-cost picture archiving and communication system based on network-attached storage.

High costs for installing, maintaining, and updating a standard picture archiving and communication system (PACS) can be prohibitive for small/medium-sized veterinary facilities. The aims of this prospective, exploratory study were to describe the design, implementation, and author experiences for 1 year's use of a low-cost PACS based on network-attached storage. The system described here was easily installed and resiliently stored redundant copies of data.

Effects of Oral Administration of on Morphology of Mice Testis and Motility of Epididymal Sperm Cells After Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration is associated with testicular damage and reduced semen quality. Oral administration of (maca) improves spermatogenesis and sperm motility and count and reduces spermatogenic damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administration of THC, maca, and their combination on testicular tissue and semen parameters.

Imaging techniques in Veterinary Medicine. Part I: Radiography and Ultrasonography.

In Veterinary Medicine all the Imaging techniques are used and described but, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economical reasons, Radiography and Ultrasonography are the most used. Veterinary Radiology teaching has a relatively small number of educational credits in the degree courses but, nowday, educational opportunities are remarkably increased thanks to a number of post-degree courses and masters, organized both by the universities and private veterinary associations. The relevance of Diagnostic Imaging is particularly true in Veterinary Medicine, in which Radiology could be considered "indispensable" for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up.

A computed tomography-based method for the assessment of canine retrobulbar cone volume for ophthalmic anaesthesia.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive formula for calculating the volume of local anaesthetic solution used for retrobulbar anaesthesia in dogs with different skull morphologies.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort imaging study.

Animals: Skull computed tomography (CT) images of 188 dogs of different breeds collected between January 2009 and December 2017.

COMPARISON OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MEASUREMENT USING REBOUND AND APPLANATION TONOMETRY IN LOGGERHEAD () SEA TURTLES.

This study aimed to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) estimates in healthy eyes of using rebound tonometry in comparison with applanation tonometry. Twenty-three healthy (housed at the Marine Turtle Research Center) without preexisting ophthalmic disease were enrolled in the study. IOP measurements were obtained by the same ophthalmologist, with the turtle in ventral recumbency between 2:30 p.

The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Tenodesmic Lesions in Horses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Data.

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to enhance tenodesmic lesion healing has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate current literature to establish the effectiveness of PRP for treating tenodesmic lesions through a systematic review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and a meta-analysis. Studies comparing PRP with placebo or other treatments for horses with tenodesmic injuries or evaluated PRP effect on tendon and ligament explants were included.

Ultrasonographic measurement of kidney-to-aorta parameters in Whippets.

In a previous study, an ultrasonographic method to assess kidney size in dogs as a ratio of kidney length to aortic luminal diameter (KL/AoD ratio) was proposed. The main limitation of this method was the wide range of normal values (5.5-9.

An ultrasound-guided subparaneural approach to the sciatic nerve in the dog: a cadaver study.

Objective: To describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the sciatic nerve paraneural sheath and to report an ultrasound (US)-guided subparaneural approach to the sciatic nerve in dogs, comparing two different volumes of injectate.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, anatomical study.

Animals: A group of nine middle-sized adult Mongrel canine cadavers (18 limbs).

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography for suspected ureteral obstruction in 6 pet guinea pigs ().

Objectives: To describe the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography (US-PAP) in pet guinea pigs () with suspected ureteral obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Six adult pet guinea pigs (4 females and 2 males, all intact) were evaluated for suspected ureteral obstruction. The mean weight of the guinea pigs was 0.

Ultrasonographic assessment of normal jugular veins in Standardbred horses.

Background: Ultrasonography (US) is the recommended imaging technique to evaluate jugular veins. This prospective randomized clinical study was designed to collect a series of B-mode US measurements of manually distended jugular veins in healthy Italian Standardbreds and to find possible correlations between ultrasound measurements and animal morphometric characteristics. Forty-two horses, eight males and 34 females (range 3-22 years; bodyweight 494.

Irreversible Ocular Lesions in a Dog With Angiostrongylus Vasorum Infection.

This report describes a 10-month-old dog with a sudden loss of vision and severe dyspnoea. The ocular examination revealed bilateral panuveitis, lens subluxation, secondary glaucoma, and retinal detachment. In addition, the ocular ultrasound showed in the vitreous body of the right eye, a small doubled-lined foreign body compatible with an intraocular parasite.

Aeromonas induced polyostotic osteomyelitis in a juvenile loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta.

Bacterial bone infections have been occasionally reported in wild sea turtles. This study reports on a sub-adult Caretta caretta affected by Aeromonas hydrophila osteomyelitis, with extensive involvement of cranial and caudal flippers. The turtle was severely debilitated, had limited flipper mobility and showed signs of pain in reaction to manipulation.

Geographical information system analysis on road accidents involving wandering dogs in the urban area of Naples.

In this study, the spatial distribution of road accidents involving wandering dogs on urban roads of Naples was assessed using kernel density estimation (KDE). The study included 423 dogs victim of road collisions in the period 2012-2015 collected from the medical records of Interdepartmental Centre of Veterinary Radiology, of Pathological Anatomy Service, of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, "Federico II" University of Naples, and of Veterinary Hospital Attendance of the Local Public Health Unit Napoli1. There were a significant prevalence of young male dogs and the KDE demonstrated the presence of five hotspots in five city neighbourhoods.

Cardiac laceration following non-penetrating chest trauma in dog and cat.

Cardiac laceration with non-penetrating chest trauma is reported as a common cause of death in human following rapid deceleration in high-speed vehicular accident. In contrast, in veterinary medicine, traumatic rupture of heart and great-vessel structures appears to be an uncommon cause of death. Here we report three cases of cardiac laceration following non-penetrating chest trauma in a one cat and two dogs.