Prostate imaging for recurrence reporting system made easy: A Case-based review of prostate cancer local recurrence on magnetic resonance imaging.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Even following appropriate initial treatments, a subset of the patients develops tumor recurrence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is pivotal in investigating local recurrence, but its performance is limited in detecting recurrence at other sites (especially in subcentimeter lymph nodes).

Free-breathing qRF-MRF with pilot tone respiratory motion navigator for T, T, T*, and off-resonance mapping of the human body at 3 T.

Standard quantitative abdominal MRI techniques are time consuming, require breath-holds, and are susceptible to patient motion artifacts. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is naturally multi-parametric and quantifies multiple tissue properties, including T and T. This work includes T* and off-resonance mapping into a free-breathing MRF framework utilizing a pilot tone navigator.

Porto-sinusoidal Vascular Disease and Portal Hypertension.

Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) is the medical diagnosis for a patient who has portal hypertension in the absence of cirrhosis on liver biopsy. There are several specific histologic findings for PSVD, including obliterative portal venopathy, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and incomplete septal fibrosis. Epidemiologic reports vary widely among regions; PSVD comprises less than 10% of causes of portal hypertension in Western countries but incidence has been found to be as high as 48% in India.

Postoperative Imaging of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a highly prevalent disease that affects 10%-15% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is mainly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. With the widespread use of imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of endometriosis, combined with the ability of surgery to eradicate the disease and address infertility, there has been a significant increase in recent years in imaging examinations for postoperative evaluation of endometriosis. US and MRI are used not only to help diagnose and map endometriosis but also to evaluate refractory symptoms, residual lesions, and complications at posttreatment assessment.

Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease.

Background: There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective.

PI-RADS Upgrading Rules: Impact on Prostate Cancer Detection and Biopsy Avoidance of MRI-Directed Diagnostic Pathways.

PI-RADS incorporates rules by which ancillary sequence findings upgrade a dominant score to a higher final category. Evidence on the upgrading rules' impact on diagnostic pathways remains scarce. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the clinical net benefit of the PI-RADS upgrading rules in MRI-directed diagnostic pathways.

Assessing the Potential of a Deep Learning Tool to Improve Fracture Detection by Radiologists and Emergency Physicians on Extremity Radiographs.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the standalone performance of a deep learning (DL) based fracture detection tool on extremity radiographs and assess the performance of radiologists and emergency physicians in identifying fractures of the extremities with and without the DL aid.

Materials And Methods: The DL tool was previously developed using 132,000 appendicular skeletal radiographs divided into 87% training, 11% validation, and 2% test sets. Stand-alone performance was evaluated on 2626 de-identified radiographs from a single institution in Ohio, including at least 140 exams per body region.

Spatiotemporal knowledge teacher-student reinforcement learning to detect liver tumors without contrast agents.

Detecting Liver tumors without contrast agents (CAs) has shown great potential to advance liver cancer screening. It enables the provision of a reliable liver tumor-detecting result from non-enhanced MR images comparable to the radiologists' results from CA-enhanced MR images, thus eliminating the high risk of CAs, preventing an experience gap between radiologists and simplifying clinical workflows. In this paper, we proposed a novel spatiotemporal knowledge teacher-student reinforcement learning (SKT-RL) as a safe, speedy, and inexpensive contrast-free technology for liver tumor detection.

Delta radiomic patterns on serial bi-parametric MRI are associated with pathologic upgrading in prostate cancer patients on active surveillance: preliminary findings.

Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify radiomic changes in prostate cancer (PCa) progression on serial MRI among patients on active surveillance (AS) and evaluate their association with pathologic progression on biopsy.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised = 121 biopsy-proven PCa patients on AS at a single institution, of whom = 50 at baseline conformed to the inclusion criteria. ISUP Gleason Grade Groups (GGG) were obtained from 12-core TRUS-guided systematic biopsies at baseline and follow-up.

Deep infiltrating endometriosis: cine magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of uterine contractility.

Objective: To evaluate uterine function by using cine magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the contractile movements of the uterus in patients with and without deep infiltrating endometriosis (with or without associated adenomyosis).

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. The study sample comprised 43 women: 18 in the case group and 25 in the control group.

Novel radiomic analysis on bi-parametric MRI for characterizing differences between MR non-visible and visible clinically significant prostate cancer.

Background: around one third of clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) foci are reported to be MRI non-visible (MRI─).

Objective: To quantify the differences between MR visible (MRI+) and MRI CsPCa using intra- and peri-lesional radiomic features on bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI).

Methods: This retrospective and multi-institutional study comprised 164 patients with pre-biopsy 3T prostate multi-parametric MRI from 2014 to 2017.

Artificial intelligence applications in prostate cancer.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have enabled remarkable advancements in healthcare delivery. These AI tools are often aimed to improve accuracy and efficiency of histopathology assessment and diagnostic imaging interpretation, risk stratification (i.e.

Impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeting on Pathologic Upgrading and Downgrading at Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: The evidence supporting multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) targeting for biopsy is nearly exclusively based on biopsy pathologic outcomes. This is problematic, as targeting likely allows preferential identification of small high-grade areas of questionable oncologic significance, raising the likelihood of overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Objective: To estimate the impact of MRI-targeted, systematic, and combined biopsies on radical prostatectomy (RP) grade group concordance.

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting based comprehensive quantification of T1 and T2 values of the background prostatic peripheral zone: Correlation with clinical and demographic features.

Purpose: To quantify and assess the distribution of MR fingerprinting (MRF)-derived T1 and T2 values of the whole prostatic peripheral zone (PZ), and perform subgroup analyses according to clinical and demographic features.

Method: One hundred and twenty-four patients with prostate MR exams and MRF-based T1 and T2 maps of the prostatic apex, mid gland, and base were identified from our database and included. Regions of interest encompassing the right and left lobes of the PZ were drawn for each axial slice on the T2 map and copied to the T1 map.

PI-RADS 3 lesions: a critical review and discussion of how to improve management.

Since the publication of PI-RADS v1 in 2012, the debate regarding the question of how to manage PI-RADS 3 lesions has been mostly unsolved. However, based on our review of the current literature we discuss possible solutions and improvements to the original classification, factors such as PSAD (Prostate Specific Antigen Density), age, and tumor volume, in the decision of whether to proceed with a biopsy or not.

Imaging in urethral stricture disease: an educational review of current techniques with a focus on MRI.

Urethral stricture disease refers to narrowing of the urethral lumen obstructing the flow of urine. Urethral strictures can significantly impact daily life due to incontinence, incomplete emptying, hesitancy, and increased risk of urinary tract infections. Imaging is central to the evaluation of suspected urethral stricture, as assessment of stricture length and severity is crucial for guidance of surgical management.

Automated prostate multi-regional segmentation in magnetic resonance using fully convolutional neural networks.

Objective: Automatic MR imaging segmentation of the prostate provides relevant clinical benefits for prostate cancer evaluation such as calculation of automated PSA density and other critical imaging biomarkers. Further, automated T2-weighted image segmentation of central-transition zone (CZ-TZ), peripheral zone (PZ), and seminal vesicle (SV) can help to evaluate clinically significant cancer following the PI-RADS v2.1 guidelines.

Evaluating the Downstream Revenues of a Self-Pay Bi-Parametric Prostate MRI Program.

Objective: To quantify downstream healthcare utilization and revenue associated with a self-pay bi-parametric prostate MRI (bpMRI) program.

Methods: Medical records of 592 patients who underwent bpMRI between August 2017 and March 2020 were examined for follow-up clinical activities. These include prostate biopsy, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, CT Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis, PET/CT, MRI Pelvis, and Nuclear Medicine Bone Scans.

Variability of Prostate MRI Charges Among U.S. Hospital-Based Facilities.

The Premier Healthcare Database was used to assess charge variation for prostate MRI examinations in U.S. hospitals from January 2010 to March 2020.

Multicenter Repeatability and Reproducibility of MR Fingerprinting in Phantoms and in Prostatic Tissue.

Purpose: To evaluate multicenter repeatability and reproducibility of T and T maps generated using MR fingerprinting (MRF) in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology MRI system phantom and in prostatic tissues.

Methods: MRF experiments were performed on 5 different 3 Tesla MRI scanners at 3 different institutions: University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (Cleveland, OH), Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) in the United States, and Diagnosticos da America (Rio de Janeiro, RJ) in Brazil. Raw MRF data were reconstructed using a Gadgetron-based MRF online reconstruction pipeline to yield quantitative T and T maps.