Immobilization of CALB on activated chitosan: Application to enzymatic synthesis in supercritical and near-critical carbon dioxide.

The objective of this new paper was to evaluate the enzymatic esterification reaction conducted in supercritical or near-critical CO, catalyzed by immobilized lipase B from (CALB). The biocatalyst was prepared through the immobilization of CALB by covalent attachment using chitosan sequentially activated with Glycidol, ethylenediamine (EDA) and glutaraldehyde as support. In order to determine the best operational conditions of the esterification reaction (1: 1 (alcohol-acid); biocatalyst content, 10% (by substrate mass); 45 °C), an experimental design (2) was conducted to evaluate the effects of the following parameters: alcohol to oil molar ratios, reaction time and temperature.

Ultrasound-assisted production of biodiesel and ethanol from spent coffee grounds.

This study evaluates the production of biodiesel and ethanol from spent coffee grounds (SCG). The extraction of oil from SCG, biodiesel production and ethanol production processes were studied. The liquid-to-solid ratio and temperature were evaluated in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the oil from SCG.