Etiological research in pediatric multiple sclerosis: A tool to assess environmental exposures (PEDiatric Italian Genetic and enviRonment ExposurE Questionnaire).

Background: The etiology of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis is unknown although putative genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved. Among children multiple sclerosis onset occurs closer to the susceptibility window thank in adults and the exposure to etiological environmental factors is more informative. An Italian multicentre case-control study (the PEDiatric Italian Genetic and enviRonment ExposurE, ) was designed to investigate environmental exposures in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and their interaction with genetics.

PM exposure as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. An ecological study with a Bayesian mapping approach.

Some environmental factors are associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Air pollution could be a main one. This study was conducted to investigate the association of particulate matter 2.

Increased prevalence of multiple sclerosis and clusters of different disease risk in Northern Italy.

Background: The increasing multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence is varying across the macroscopic regional areas. Only few studies have explored the microscopic geographic variation of MS prevalence, which could highlight MS spatial clusters.

Objective: In this ecological study, we aimed to estimate 2016 MS prevalence in the province of Pavia (Northern Italy) and to describe MS risk geographical variation across small area units, compared to the year 2000.